// advanced techniques like specifying lock strength and optimizer hints. See the
// [docs] for more depth.
//
//	// add a simple limit clause
//	db.Clauses(clause.Limit{Limit: 1}).Find(&User{})
//	// tell the optimizer to use the `idx_user_name` index
//	db.Clauses(hints.UseIndex("idx_user_name")).Find(&User{})
//	// specify the lock strength to UPDATE
//	db.Clauses(clause.Locking{Strength: "UPDATE"}).Find(&users)

	changed := func(field *schema.Field) bool {
		fieldValue, _ := field.ValueOf(stmt.Context, modelValue)
		if v, ok := selectColumns[field.DBName]; (ok && v) || (!ok && !restricted) {
			if mv, mok := stmt.Dest.(map[string]interface{}); mok {
				if fv, ok := mv[field.Name]; ok {
					return !utils.AssertEqual(fv, fieldValue)
				} else if fv, ok := mv[field.DBName]; ok {
					return !utils.AssertEqual(fv, fieldValue)
				}

	// replace SQL quote, convert into postgresql like ""
	expected = replaceQuoteInSQL(expected)
	actually = replaceQuoteInSQL(actually)

	// ignore updated_at value, because it's generated in Gorm internal, can't to mock value on update.
	updatedAtRe := regexp.MustCompile(`(?i)"updated_at"=".+?"`)
	actually = updatedAtRe.ReplaceAllString(actually, `"updated_at"=?`)
	expected = updatedAtRe.ReplaceAllString(expected, `"updated_at"=?`)