Und um über WebSockets mit Ihrem Backend zu kommunizieren, würden Sie wahrscheinlich die Werkzeuge Ihres Frontends verwenden.

Oder Sie verfügen möglicherweise über eine native Mobile-Anwendung, die direkt in nativem Code mit Ihrem WebSocket-Backend kommuniziert.

Oder Sie haben andere Möglichkeiten, mit dem WebSocket-Endpunkt zu kommunizieren.

---

# Security - First Steps

Let's imagine that you have your **backend** API in some domain.

And you have a **frontend** in another domain or in a different path of the same domain (or in a mobile application).

And you want to have a way for the frontend to authenticate with the backend, using a **username** and **password**.

We can use **OAuth2** to build that with **FastAPI**.

You could also use it to generate code automatically, for clients that communicate with your API. For example, frontend, mobile or IoT applications.

## Recap, step by step

### Step 1: import `FastAPI`

```Python hl_lines="1"
{!../../../docs_src/first_steps/tutorial001.py!}
```

Bạn cũng có thể sử dụng nó để sinh code tự động, với các client giao viết qua API của bạn. Ví dụ, frontend, mobile hoặc các ứng dụng IoT.

## Tóm lại, từng bước một

### Bước 1: import `FastAPI`

```Python hl_lines="1"
{!../../../docs_src/first_steps/tutorial001.py!}
```

Ebenfalls können Sie es verwenden, um automatisch Code für Clients zu generieren, die mit Ihrer API kommunizieren. Zum Beispiel für Frontend-, Mobile- oder IoT-Anwendungen.

## Rückblick, Schritt für Schritt

### Schritt 1: Importieren von `FastAPI`

```Python hl_lines="1"
{!../../../docs_src/first_steps/tutorial001.py!}
```

# Segurança - Primeiros Passos

Vamos imaginar que você tem a sua API **backend** em algum domínio.

E você tem um **frontend** em outro domínio ou em um path diferente no mesmo domínio (ou em uma aplicação mobile).

E você quer uma maneira de o frontend autenticar o backend, usando um **username** e **senha**.

Nós podemos usar o **OAuth2** junto com o **FastAPI**.

And to communicate using WebSockets with your backend you would probably use your frontend's utilities.

Or you might have a native mobile application that communicates with your WebSocket backend directly, in native code.

Or you might have any other way to communicate with the WebSocket endpoint.

---

* It contains an `app/main.py` file. As it is inside a Python package (a directory with a file `__init__.py`), it is a "module" of that package: `app.main`.
* There's also an `app/dependencies.py` file, just like `app/main.py`, it is a "module": `app.dependencies`.
* There's a subdirectory `app/routers/` with another file `__init__.py`, so it's a "Python subpackage": `app.routers`.

client = TestClient(app)


def test_file_path():
    response = client.get("/files/home/johndoe/myfile.txt")
    print(response.content)
    assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
    assert response.json() == {"file_path": "home/johndoe/myfile.txt"}


def test_root_file_path():
    response = client.get("/files//home/johndoe/myfile.txt")
    print(response.content)
    assert response.status_code == 200, response.text

* `seek(offset)`：移动至文件 `offset` （`int`）字节处的位置；
    * 例如，`await myfile.seek(0) ` 移动到文件开头；
    * 执行 `await myfile.read()` 后，需再次读取已读取内容时，这种方法特别好用；
* `close()`：关闭文件。

因为上述方法都是 `async` 方法，要搭配「await」使用。

例如，在 `async` *路径操作函数* 内，要用以下方式读取文件内容：

```Python
contents = await myfile.read()
```

在普通 `def` *路径操作函数*  内，则可以直接访问 `UploadFile.file`，例如：

```Python
contents = myfile.file.read()
```

!!! note "`async` 技术细节"