}
    }

    return mapResult.readUtf8()
  }
}

interface CodePointMapping {
  /**
   * Returns a (possibly-empty) string that [codePoint] maps to, or null if [codePoint] is not
   * mapped.
   */
  operator fun get(codePoint: Int): String?
}

interface CodePointSet {
  operator fun contains(codePoint: Int): Boolean

      )
  }

  return result
}

internal fun canonicalizeType(type: Int): Int {
  return when (type) {
    TYPE_IGNORED -> TYPE_IGNORED

    TYPE_MAPPED,
    TYPE_DISALLOWED_STD3_MAPPED,
    -> TYPE_MAPPED

    TYPE_DEVIATION,
    TYPE_DISALLOWED_STD3_VALID,
    TYPE_VALID,
    -> TYPE_VALID

    TYPE_DISALLOWED -> TYPE_DISALLOWED

  - Save

- Go to Clients
  - Click on `account`
  - Mappers
  - Create
    - `Name` with any text
    - `Mapper Type` is `User Attribute`
    - `User Attribute` is `policy`
    - `Token Claim Name` is `policy`
    - `Claim JSON Type` is `string`
  - Save

    assertThat("localhost".toCanonicalHost()).isEqualTo("localhost")
    assertThat("☃.net".toCanonicalHost()).isEqualTo("xn--n3h.net")

    // IPv4 Compatible or Mapped addresses
    assertThat("::192.168.0.1".toCanonicalHost()).isEqualTo("::c0a8:1")
    assertThat("::FFFF:192.168.0.1".toCanonicalHost()).isEqualTo("192.168.0.1")

Including external libraries also based on Pydantic, as <abbr title="Object-Relational Mapper">ORM</abbr>s, <abbr title="Object-Document Mapper">ODM</abbr>s for databases.

This also means that in many cases you can pass the same object you get from a request **directly to the database**, as everything is validated automatically.

✅ 🔢 🗃 ⚓️ 🔛 Pydantic, <abbr title="Object-Relational Mapper">🐜</abbr>Ⓜ, <abbr title="Object-Document Mapper">🏭</abbr>Ⓜ 💽.

👉 ⛓ 👈 📚 💼 👆 💪 🚶‍♀️ 🎏 🎚 👆 🤚 ⚪️➡️ 📨 **🔗 💽**, 🌐 ✔ 🔁.

🎏 ✔ 🎏 🌌 🤭, 📚 💼 👆 💪 🚶‍♀️ 🎚 👆 🤚 ⚪️➡️ 💽 **🔗 👩‍💻**.

      Mapping(0x0233, 0x0239, TYPE_VALID, ByteString.EMPTY),
      Mapping(0x023a, 0x023a, TYPE_MAPPED, "b".encodeUtf8()),
    )
  }

  @Test fun simplifyDoesNotCombineWhenMappedTargetsAreDifferent() {
    assertThat(
      mergeAdjacentRanges(
        listOf(
          Mapping(0x0041, 0x0041, TYPE_MAPPED, "a".encodeUtf8()),
          Mapping(0x0042, 0x0042, TYPE_MAPPED, "b".encodeUtf8()),
        ),
      ),

 *    119 : Ignored.
 *    120 : Valid.
 *    121 : Disallowed
 *    122 : Mapped inline to the sequence: [b2].
 *    123 : Mapped inline to the sequence: [b2a].
 *    124 : Mapped inline to the sequence: [b2, b3].
 *    125 : Mapped inline to the sequence: [b2a, b3].
 *    126 : Mapped inline to the sequence: [b2, b3a].
 *    127 : Mapped inline to the sequence: [b2a, b3a].
 *
 * The range goes until the beginning of the next range.

    // 2.
    "disallowed_STD3_mapped ".encodeUtf8(),
    // 3.
    "disallowed_STD3_valid ".encodeUtf8(),
    // 4.
    "ignored ".encodeUtf8(),
    // 5.
    "mapped ".encodeUtf8(),
    // 6.
    "valid ".encodeUtf8(),
  )

internal const val TYPE_DEVIATION = 0
internal const val TYPE_DISALLOWED = 1
internal const val TYPE_DISALLOWED_STD3_MAPPED = 2

Pour ces cas, vous pouvez spécifier un appel à `jsonable_encoder` pour convertir vos données avant de les passer à une réponse :

```Python hl_lines="6-7  21-22"
{!../../../docs_src/response_directly/tutorial001.py!}
```

!!! note "Détails techniques"