<li>the index <code>x</code> is <i>in range</i> if <code>0 &lt;= x &lt; len(a)</code>,
	    otherwise it is <i>out of range</i></li>
</ul>

<p>
For <code>a</code> of <a href="#Array_types">array type</a> <code>A</code>:
</p>
<ul>
	<li>a <a href="#Constants">constant</a> index must be in range</li>
	<li>if <code>x</code> is out of range at run time,

  // +optional
  optional k8s.io.apimachinery.pkg.apis.meta.v1.ObjectMeta metadata = 1;

  // Range is string that identifies the range represented by 'data'.
  optional string range = 2;

  // Data is a bit array containing all allocated addresses in the previous segment.
  optional bytes data = 3;
}

* When using IP aliases, use a secondary range rather than subnetwork to reserve cluster IPs. ([#51690](https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/pull/51690), [@bowei](https://github.com/bowei))
* IPAM controller unifies handling of node pod CIDR range allocation. ([#51374](https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/pull/51374), [@bowei](https://github.com/bowei))

* When using IP aliases, use a secondary range rather than subnetwork to reserve cluster IPs. ([#51690](https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/pull/51690), [@bowei](https://github.com/bowei))
* IPAM controller unifies handling of node pod CIDR range allocation. ([#51374](https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/pull/51374), [@bowei](https://github.com/bowei))

    * 3. Maximum of two entries is allowed in `--service-cluster-ip-range` and they are validated to be dual stacked `i.e. --service-cluster-ip-range=<v4>,<v6> or --service-cluster-ip-range=<v6>,<v4>`
    * 4. Max 20 bit for range (min network bits `<v6>/108` or <v4>/12)

    String PAGING_PAGE_SIZE = "paging.page.size";

    /** The key of the configuration. e.g. 5 */
    String PAGING_PAGE_RANGE_SIZE = "paging.page.range.size";

    /** The key of the configuration. e.g. true */
    String PAGING_PAGE_RANGE_FILL_LIMIT = "paging.page.range.fill.limit";

    /** The key of the configuration. e.g. 1000 */
    String PAGE_DOCBOOST_MAX_FETCH_SIZE = "page.docboost.max.fetch.size";

- Expand scheduler priority functions and scheduling framework plugins' node score range to [0, 100]. Note: this change is internal and does not affect extender and RequestedToCapacityRatio custom priority, which are still expected to provide a [0, 10] range. ([#83522](https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/pull/83522), [@draveness](https://github.com/draveness))

### Storage

- Added new feature gate `ServiceNodePortStaticSubrange`, to enable the new strategy in the `NodePort` Service port allocators, so the node port range is subdivided and dynamic allocated `NodePort` port for Services are allocated preferentially from the upper range. ([#114418](https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/pull/114418), [@xuzhenglun](https://github.com/xuzhenglun))

### Avoiding Collisions in IP allocation to Services

Kubernetes 1.24 introduced a new opt-in feature that allows you to
[soft-reserve a range for static IP address assignments](https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/services-networking/service/#service-ip-static-sub-range)
to Services.
With the manual enablement of this feature, the cluster will prefer automatic assignment from

#### GlusterFS
* The glusterfs dynamic volume provisioner will now choose a unique GID for new persistent volumes from a range that can be configured in the storage class with the "gidMin" and "gidMax" parameters. The default range is 2000 - 2147483647 (max int32). ([#37886](https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/pull/37886), [@obnoxxx](https://github.com/obnoxxx))

#### Photon