This will be used to extract the data and for the generated OpenAPI.
            It is particularly useful when you can't use the name you want because it
            is a Python reserved keyword or similar.
            """
        ),
    ] = None,
    alias_priority: Annotated[
        Union[int, None],
        Doc(
            """

So, we get a Pydantic model from the data in another Pydantic model.

#### Unwrapping a `dict` and extra keywords

And then adding the extra keyword argument `hashed_password=hashed_password`, like in:

```Python
UserInDB(**user_in.dict(), hashed_password=hashed_password)
```

...ends up being like:

```Python
UserInDB(

!!! tip
    Instead of passing each of the keyword arguments to `Item` and reading each one of them from the Pydantic *model*, we are generating a `dict` with the Pydantic *model*'s data with:

    `item.dict()`

    and then we are passing the `dict`'s key-value pairs as the keyword arguments to the SQLAlchemy `Item`, with:

    `Item(**item.dict())`

So, if you have an object `something` (that might _not_ be a function) and you can "call" it (execute it) like:

```Python
something()
```

or

```Python
something(some_argument, some_keyword_argument="foo")
```

then it is a "callable".

## Classes as dependencies

You might notice that to create an instance of a Python class, you use that same syntax.

For example:

```Python

!!! info
    OpenAPI 3.1.0 (used since FastAPI 0.99.0) added support for `examples`, which is part of the **JSON Schema** standard.

    Before that, it only supported the keyword `example` with a single example. That is still supported by OpenAPI 3.1.0, but is deprecated and is not part of the JSON Schema standard. So you are encouraged to migrate `example` to `examples`. 🤓

* Fix testing OAuth2 security scopes when using dependency overrides. PR [#1549](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/1549) by [@amacfie](https://github.com/amacfie).
* Fix Model for JSON Schema keyword `not` as a JSON Schema instead of a list. PR [#1548](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/1548) by [@v-do](https://github.com/v-do).