string expected_msg =
        "No gradient defined for op: TestOpWithNoGradient. Please see "
        "https://www.tensorflow.org/code/"
        "tensorflow/cc/gradients/README.md"
        " for instructions on how to add C++ gradients.";
    EXPECT_EQ(expected_msg, TF_Message(s_));
  }

  // Run the graph and ensure that the gradient values are as expected.
  void RunGraphsAndCompareOutputs(TF_Output* grad_outputs,

//      output tensor naming, but it the index is actually an input index)
struct EdgeSpec : public std::pair<string, string> {
  typedef std::pair<string, string> Base;

  // Inherit the set of constructors
  using Base::pair;

  string ToString() const { return strings::StrCat(first, "->", second); }
};

class CApiFunctionTest : public ::testing::Test {
 protected:
  CApiFunctionTest()