}
                                ),
                                "examples": {
                                    "normal": {
                                        "summary": "A normal example",
                                        "description": "A **normal** item works correctly.",
                                        "value": {
                                            "name": "Foo",

    assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
    assert response.json() == {
        "message": "Hello Users!",
        "params": {"q": "foo", "skip": 5, "limit": 10},
    }


@needs_py310
def test_normal_app():
    from docs_src.dependency_testing.tutorial001_py310 import app, client

    app.dependency_overrides = None
    response = client.get("/items/?q=foo&skip=100&limit=200")

```Python hl_lines="2  12  15-18"
{!../../../docs_src/app_testing/tutorial001.py!}
```

!!! tip
    Notice that the testing functions are normal `def`, not `async def`.

    And the calls to the client are also normal calls, not using `await`.

    This allows you to use `pytest` directly without complications.

!!! note "Technical Details"

All the app code is the same, you can go back to that chapter check how it was.

The only changes here are in the new testing file.

Your normal dependency `get_db()` would return a database session.

In the test, you could use a dependency override to return your *custom* database session instead of the one that would be used normally.

# GraphQL

As **FastAPI** is based on the **ASGI** standard, it's very easy to integrate any **GraphQL** library also compatible with ASGI.

You can combine normal FastAPI *path operations* with GraphQL on the same application.

!!! tip
    **GraphQL** solves some very specific use cases.

    It has **advantages** and **disadvantages** when compared to common **web APIs**.

But if you go with your browser to <a href="http://127.0.0.1:8000" class="external-link" target="_blank">http://127.0.0.1:8000/app</a> you will see the normal response:

```JSON
{
    "message": "Hello World",
    "root_path": "/api/v1"
}
```

So, it won't expect to be accessed at `http://127.0.0.1:8000/api/v1/app`.

Sie verfügt über eine *Pfadoperation*, die einen `Invoice`-Body empfängt, und einen Query-Parameter `callback_url`, der die URL für den Callback enthält.

Dieser Teil ist ziemlich normal, der größte Teil des Codes ist Ihnen wahrscheinlich bereits bekannt:

```Python hl_lines="9-13  36-53"
{!../../../docs_src/openapi_callbacks/tutorial001.py!}
```

!!! tip "Tipp"

It will be called by **FastAPI** whenever it receives a request to the URL "`/`" using a `GET` operation.

In this case, it is an `async` function.

---

You could also define it as a normal function instead of `async def`:

```Python hl_lines="7"
{!../../../docs_src/first_steps/tutorial003.py!}
```

!!! note

    Se você tem algum conhecimento técnico (corrotinas, threads, blocking etc) e está curioso sobre como o FastAPI controla o `async def` vs normal `def`, vá em frente.

### Funções de operação de rota

Quando você declara uma *função de operação de rota* com `def` normal ao invés de `async def`, ela é rodada em uma threadpool externa que então é aguardada, ao invés de ser chamada diretamente (ela poderia bloquear o servidor).

    assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
    assert response.json() == {
        "message": "Hello Users!",
        "params": {"q": "foo", "skip": 5, "limit": 10},
    }


@needs_py39
def test_normal_app():
    from docs_src.dependency_testing.tutorial001_an_py39 import app, client

    app.dependency_overrides = None
    response = client.get("/items/?q=foo&skip=100&limit=200")