*     #allowsParallelEdges()} or {@link #allowsSelfLoops()}
   */
  @CanIgnoreReturnValue
  boolean addEdge(N nodeU, N nodeV, E edge);

  /**
   * Adds {@code edge} connecting {@code endpoints}. In an undirected network, {@code edge} will
   * also connect {@code nodeV} to {@code nodeU}.
   *

    }
    return connections;
  }

  final N checkedReferenceNode(E edge) {
    N referenceNode = edgeToReferenceNode.get(edge);
    if (referenceNode == null) {
      checkNotNull(edge);
      throw new IllegalArgumentException(String.format(EDGE_NOT_IN_GRAPH, edge));
    }
    return referenceNode;
  }

  final boolean containsNode(N node) {

  static final String EDGE_ALREADY_EXISTS = "Edge %s already exists in the graph.";
  static final String ENDPOINTS_MISMATCH =
      "Mismatch: endpoints' ordering is not compatible with directionality of the graph";

  /** Singleton edge value for {@link Graph} implementations backed by {@link ValueGraph}s. */
  enum Presence {
    EDGE_EXISTS
  }

  @Override
  public Set<E> adjacentEdges(E edge) {
    EndpointPair<N> endpointPair = incidentNodes(edge); // Verifies that edge is in this network.
    Set<E> endpointPairIncidentEdges =
        Sets.union(incidentEdges(endpointPair.nodeU()), incidentEdges(endpointPair.nodeV()));
    return edgeInvalidatableSet(
        Sets.difference(endpointPairIncidentEdges, ImmutableSet.of(edge)), edge);
  }

  @Override

    for (N node : graph.nodes()) {
      copy.addNode(node);
    }
    for (EndpointPair<N> edge : graph.edges()) {
      // requireNonNull is safe because the endpoint pair comes from the graph.
      copy.putEdgeValue(
          edge.nodeU(),
          edge.nodeV(),
          requireNonNull(graph.edgeValueOrDefault(edge.nodeU(), edge.nodeV(), null)));
    }
    return copy;
  }

  @Override
  public N removeInEdge(E edge, boolean isSelfLoop) {
    N node = super.removeInEdge(edge, isSelfLoop);
    Multiset<N> predecessors = getReference(predecessorsReference);
    if (predecessors != null) {
      checkState(predecessors.remove(node));
    }
    return node;
  }

  @Override
  public N removeOutEdge(E edge) {
    N node = super.removeOutEdge(edge);

    // Passed nodes should be in the correct edge direction, first is the
    // source node and the second is the target node
    assertThat(network.edgesConnecting(N2, N1)).isEmpty();
  }

  @Test
  public void inEdges_oneEdge() {
    addEdge(N1, N2, E12);
    assertThat(network.inEdges(N2)).containsExactly(E12);
    // Edge direction handled correctly
    assertThat(network.inEdges(N1)).isEmpty();

      Collections.shuffle(edgeList, gen);
      int numEdgesToRemove = gen.nextInt(NUM_EDGES);
      for (int i = 0; i < numEdgesToRemove; ++i) {
        EndpointPair<Integer> edge = edgeList.get(i);
        assertThat(graph.removeEdge(edge.nodeU(), edge.nodeV())).isTrue();
      }

      assertThat(graph.nodes()).hasSize(NUM_NODES);
      assertThat(graph.edges()).hasSize(NUM_EDGES - numEdgesToRemove);

            () -> networkAsMutableNetwork.addEdge(N1, N2, EDGE_NOT_IN_GRAPH));
    assertThat(e).hasMessageThat().contains(ERROR_PARALLEL_EDGE);
    e =
        assertThrows(
            IllegalArgumentException.class,
            () -> networkAsMutableNetwork.addEdge(N2, N1, EDGE_NOT_IN_GRAPH));
    assertThat(e).hasMessageThat().contains(ERROR_PARALLEL_EDGE);
  }

  @Test

  private static final int NODE_COUNT = 20;
  private static final int EDGE_COUNT = 20;
  // TODO(user): Consider adding both error messages from here and {@link AbstractNetworkTest}
  // in one class (may be a utility class for error messages).
  private static final String ERROR_PARALLEL_EDGE = "connected by a different edge";
  private static final String ERROR_NEGATIVE_COUNT = "is non-negative";