/**
 * A utility for testing an Iterator implementation by comparing its behavior to that of a "known
 * good" reference implementation. In order to accomplish this, it's important to test a great
 * variety of sequences of the {@link Iterator#next}, {@link Iterator#hasNext} and {@link
 * Iterator#remove} operations. This utility takes the brute-force approach of trying <i>all</i>

/**
 * A utility for testing an Iterator implementation by comparing its behavior to that of a "known
 * good" reference implementation. In order to accomplish this, it's important to test a great
 * variety of sequences of the {@link Iterator#next}, {@link Iterator#hasNext} and {@link
 * Iterator#remove} operations. This utility takes the brute-force approach of trying <i>all</i>

    assertNotSame(shadowClass, WillBeUnloadedException.class);
    getChecked(immediateFuture("foo"), shadowClass);
    return new WeakReference<>(shadowLoader);
  }

  /*
   * TODO(cpovirk): It would be great to run all these tests (including class unloading) in an
   * environment that forces Futures.getChecked to its fallback WeakSetValidator. One awful way of

       * crashes on Android when running in 32-bit mode. For maximum safety, we shouldn't use
       * Unsafe.getLong() at all, but the performance benefit on x86_64 is too great to ignore, so
       * as a compromise, we enable the optimization only on platforms that we specifically know to
       * work.
       *

    assertNotSame(shadowClass, WillBeUnloadedException.class);
    getChecked(immediateFuture("foo"), shadowClass);
    return new WeakReference<>(shadowLoader);
  }

  /*
   * TODO(cpovirk): It would be great to run all these tests (including class unloading) in an
   * environment that forces Futures.getChecked to its fallback WeakSetValidator. One awful way of

    // A surrogate pair defining a code point outside the safe range (but both
    // of the surrogate characters lie within the safe range). It is important
    // not to accidentally treat this as a sequence of safe characters.
    String unsafeInput = "\uDBFF\uDFFF"; // 0x10FFFF
    assertEquals("X", surrogateEscaper.escape(unsafeInput));
  }

/**
 * Static utility methods pertaining to {@code byte} primitives that interpret values as
 * <i>unsigned</i> (that is, any negative value {@code b} is treated as the positive value {@code
 * 256 + b}). The corresponding methods that treat the values as signed are found in {@link
 * SignedBytes}, and the methods for which signedness is not an issue are in {@link Bytes}.
 *
 * <p>See the Guava User Guide article on <a

         * halfSquare. (We have to deal with overflow, though.)
         *
         * If we treat halfSquare as an unsigned int, we know that
         *            sqrtFloor^2 <= x < (sqrtFloor + 1)^2
         * halfSquare - sqrtFloor <= x < halfSquare + sqrtFloor + 1
         * so |x - halfSquare| <= sqrtFloor.  Therefore, it's safe to treat x - halfSquare as a
         * signed int, so lessThanBranchFree is safe for use.
         */

 * signed versions of methods for which signedness is an issue.
 *
 * <p>In addition, this class provides several static methods for converting an {@code int} to a
 * {@code String} and a {@code String} to an {@code int} that treat the {@code int} as an unsigned
 * number.
 *
 * <p>Users of these utilities must be <i>extremely careful</i> not to mix up signed and unsigned

/**
 * Static utility methods pertaining to {@code byte} primitives, that are not already found in
 * either {@link Byte} or {@link Arrays}, <i>and interpret bytes as neither signed nor unsigned</i>.
 * The methods which specifically treat bytes as signed or unsigned are found in {@link SignedBytes}
 * and {@link UnsignedBytes}.
 *
 * <p>See the Guava User Guide article on <a
 * href="https://github.com/google/guava/wiki/PrimitivesExplained">primitive utilities</a>.