else -> null
        }
    }

    private fun provideSourceForInvokeFunction(function: FirSimpleFunction): PsiElement? {
        val classId = function.containingClassLookupTag()?.classId ?: return null
        val classOrObject = classByClassId(classId, function.llFirSession.ktModule) ?: return null
        return classOrObject.declarations.singleOrNull()
    }

## Get the user

Now create a function that will:

* Take a username.
* Generate a document ID from it.
* Get the document with that ID.
* Put the contents of the document in a `UserInDB` model.

### Step 4: define the **path operation function**

This is our "**path operation function**":

* **path**: is `/`.
* **operation**: is `get`.
* **function**: is the function below the "decorator" (below `@app.get("/")`).

```Python hl_lines="7"
{!../../../docs_src/first_steps/tutorial001.py!}
```

This is a Python function.

## Create a middleware

To create a middleware you use the decorator `@app.middleware("http")` on top of a function.

The middleware function receives:

* The `request`.
* A function `call_next` that will receive the `request` as a parameter.
    * This function will pass the `request` to the corresponding *path operation*.
    * Then it returns the `response` generated by the corresponding *path operation*.

# Background Tasks - `BackgroundTasks`

You can declare a parameter in a *path operation function* or dependency function with the type `BackgroundTasks`, and then you can use it to schedule the execution of background tasks after the response is sent.

You can import it directly from `fastapi`:

```python
from fastapi import BackgroundTasks
```

import kotlin.annotation.AnnotationRetention.BINARY
import kotlin.annotation.AnnotationTarget.CLASS
import kotlin.annotation.AnnotationTarget.CONSTRUCTOR
import kotlin.annotation.AnnotationTarget.FUNCTION

@Retention(BINARY)
@Documented
@Target(CONSTRUCTOR, CLASS, FUNCTION)

Next, we create a custom subclass of `fastapi.routing.APIRoute` that will make use of the `GzipRequest`.

This time, it will overwrite the method `APIRoute.get_route_handler()`.

This method returns a function. And that function is what will receive a request and return a response.

Here we use it to create a `GzipRequest` from the original request.

```Python hl_lines="18-26"
{!../../../docs_src/custom_request_and_route/tutorial001.py!}

# Get Current User

In the previous chapter the security system (which is based on the dependency injection system) was giving the *path operation function* a `token` as a `str`:

=== "Python 3.9+"

    ```Python hl_lines="12"
    {!> ../../../docs_src/security/tutorial001_an_py39.py!}
    ```

=== "Python 3.8+"

    ```Python hl_lines="11"
    {!> ../../../docs_src/security/tutorial001_an.py!}
    ```

=== "Python 3.8+ non-Annotated"

 *
 * @param list the list to split, must be ordered by size desc
 * @param toIntFunction the function used to map the element to its "size"
 * @param largeElementSplitFunction the function used to further split the large element into smaller pieces
 * @param smallElementAggregateFunction the function used to aggregate tiny elements into a large bucket

{!../../../docs_src/async_sql_databases/tutorial001.py!}
```

## Read notes

Create the *path operation function* to read notes:

```Python hl_lines="55-58"
{!../../../docs_src/async_sql_databases/tutorial001.py!}
```

!!! note
    Notice that as we communicate with the database using `await`, the *path operation function* is declared with `async`.

### Notice the `response_model=List[Note]`

It uses `typing.List`.