return False
    return user


def create_access_token(data: dict, expires_delta: Union[timedelta, None] = None):
    to_encode = data.copy()
    if expires_delta:
        expire = datetime.now(timezone.utc) + expires_delta
    else:
        expire = datetime.now(timezone.utc) + timedelta(minutes=15)
    to_encode.update({"exp": expire})
    encoded_jwt = jwt.encode(to_encode, SECRET_KEY, algorithm=ALGORITHM)

        return False
    return user


def create_access_token(data: dict, expires_delta: Union[timedelta, None] = None):
    to_encode = data.copy()
    if expires_delta:
        expire = datetime.now(timezone.utc) + expires_delta
    else:
        expire = datetime.now(timezone.utc) + timedelta(minutes=15)
    to_encode.update({"exp": expire})
    encoded_jwt = jwt.encode(to_encode, SECRET_KEY, algorithm=ALGORITHM)

# (1)
FROM python:3.9 as requirements-stage

# (2)
WORKDIR /tmp

# (3)
RUN pip install poetry

# (4)
COPY ./pyproject.toml ./poetry.lock* /tmp/

# (5)
RUN poetry export -f requirements.txt --output requirements.txt --without-hashes

# (6)
FROM python:3.9

# (7)
WORKDIR /code

# (8)
COPY --from=requirements-stage /tmp/requirements.txt /code/requirements.txt

        return False
    return user


def create_access_token(data: dict, expires_delta: timedelta | None = None):
    to_encode = data.copy()
    if expires_delta:
        expire = datetime.now(timezone.utc) + expires_delta
    else:
        expire = datetime.now(timezone.utc) + timedelta(minutes=15)
    to_encode.update({"exp": expire})
    encoded_jwt = jwt.encode(to_encode, SECRET_KEY, algorithm=ALGORITHM)

        return False
    return user


def create_access_token(data: dict, expires_delta: Union[timedelta, None] = None):
    to_encode = data.copy()
    if expires_delta:
        expire = datetime.now(timezone.utc) + expires_delta
    else:
        expire = datetime.now(timezone.utc) + timedelta(minutes=15)
    to_encode.update({"exp": expire})
    encoded_jwt = jwt.encode(to_encode, SECRET_KEY, algorithm=ALGORITHM)

    * A "token" is just a string with some content that we can use later to verify this user.
    * Normally, a token is set to expire after some time.
        * So, the user will have to log in again at some point later.
        * And if the token is stolen, the risk is less. It is not like a permanent key that will work forever (in most of the cases).

* For HTTPS, **the server** needs to **have "certificates"** generated by a **third party**.
    * Those certificates are actually **acquired** from the third party, not "generated".
* Certificates have a **lifetime**.
    * They **expire**.
    * And then they need to be **renewed**, **acquired again** from the third party.
* The encryption of the connection happens at the **TCP level**.
    * That's one layer **below HTTP**.

👆 💪 ✍ & ⚙️ 🌐 🔢 🐚, 🍵 💆‍♂ 🐍:

=== "💾, 🇸🇻, 🚪 🎉"

    <div class="termy">

    ```console
    // You could create an env var MY_NAME with
    $ export MY_NAME="Wade Wilson"

    // Then you could use it with other programs, like
    $ echo "Hello $MY_NAME"

    Hello Wade Wilson
    ```

    </div>

=== "🚪 📋"

    <div class="termy">

They have proven to be **FastAPI Experts** by helping many others. ✨

!!! tip
    You could become an official FastAPI Expert too!

    Just [help others with questions in GitHub](help-fastapi.md#help-others-with-questions-in-github){.internal-link target=_blank}. 🤓

You can see the **FastAPI Experts** for:

```

</div>

そして、出力された文字列を変数`SECRET_KEY`にコピーします。（例に記載している秘密鍵は実際に使用しないでください）

JWTトークンの署名に使用するアルゴリズム`"HS256"`を指定した変数`ALGORITHM`を作成します。

トークンの有効期限を指定した変数`ACCESS_TOKEN_EXPIRE_MINUTES`を作成します。

レスポンスのトークンエンドポイントで使用するPydanticモデルを定義します。

新しいアクセストークンを生成するユーティリティ関数を作成します。

```Python hl_lines="6  12-14  28-30  78-86"
{!../../../docs_src/security/tutorial004.py!}
```