final Runnable runnable;
      final Executor executor;

      RunnableExecutorPair(Runnable runnable, Executor executor) {
        this.runnable = runnable;
        this.executor = executor;
      }

      void execute() {
        try {
          executor.execute(runnable);
        } catch (RuntimeException e) {
          log.log(
              Level.SEVERE,
              "RuntimeException while executing runnable "

    // Verify that the listener executed in a reasonable amount of time.
    Assert.assertTrue(countDownLatch.await(1L, SECONDS));

    try {
      future.get();
      Assert.fail("This call was supposed to throw an ExecutionException");
    } catch (ExecutionException expected) {
      Assert.assertSame(expectedCause, expected.getCause());
    }
  }

   * executor}.
   *
   * @param listener the backing listener
   * @param executor the executor with which removal notifications are asynchronously executed
   */
  public static <K, V> RemovalListener<K, V> asynchronous(
      RemovalListener<K, V> listener, Executor executor) {
    checkNotNull(listener);
    checkNotNull(executor);
    return (RemovalNotification<K, V> notification) ->

      final Runnable runnable;
      final Executor executor;

      RunnableExecutorPair(Runnable runnable, Executor executor) {
        this.runnable = runnable;
        this.executor = executor;
      }

      void execute() {
        try {
          executor.execute(runnable);
        } catch (RuntimeException e) {
          log.log(
              Level.SEVERE,
              "RuntimeException while executing runnable "

            runCalled.getAndIncrement();
          }
        },
        directExecutor());
    Runnable execute =
        new Runnable() {
          @Override
          public void run() {
            list.execute();
          }
        };
    Thread thread1 = new Thread(execute);
    Thread thread2 = new Thread(execute);
    thread1.start();
    thread2.start();
    assertEquals(0, runCalled.get());
    okayToRun.countDown();

 * guaranteed to execute. There is no guarantee, however, that listeners will be executed in the
 * order that they are added.
 *
 * <p>Exceptions thrown by a listener will be propagated up to the executor. Any exception thrown
 * during {@code Executor.execute} (e.g., a {@code RejectedExecutionException} or an exception

   * (unless the executor has been shutdown).
   *
   * <p>The returned executor is backed by the executor returned by {@link
   * MoreExecutors#newDirectExecutorService} and subject to the same constraints.
   *
   * <p>Although all tasks are immediately executed in the thread that submitted the task, this

import java.util.Deque;
import java.util.concurrent.Executor;
import java.util.concurrent.RejectedExecutionException;
import java.util.logging.Level;
import javax.annotation.CheckForNull;

/**
 * Executor ensuring that all Runnables submitted are executed in order, using the provided
 * Executor, and sequentially such that no two will ever be running at the same time.
 *
 * <p>Tasks submitted to {@link #execute(Runnable)} are executed in FIFO order.
 *

    // Verify that the listener executed in a reasonable amount of time.
    Assert.assertTrue(countDownLatch.await(1L, SECONDS));

    try {
      future.get();
      Assert.fail("This call was supposed to throw an ExecutionException");
    } catch (ExecutionException expected) {
      Assert.assertSame(expectedCause, expected.getCause());
    }
  }

            runCalled.getAndIncrement();
          }
        },
        directExecutor());
    Runnable execute =
        new Runnable() {
          @Override
          public void run() {
            list.execute();
          }
        };
    Thread thread1 = new Thread(execute);
    Thread thread2 = new Thread(execute);
    thread1.start();
    thread2.start();
    assertEquals(0, runCalled.get());
    okayToRun.countDown();