bufferHelper("three\rlines\rno newline at end", "three\r", "lines\r", "no newline at end");
    bufferHelper("mixed\nline\rendings\r\n", "mixed\n", "line\r", "endings\r\n");
  }

  private static final int[] CHUNK_SIZES = {1, 2, 3, Integer.MAX_VALUE};

  private static void bufferHelper(String input, String... expect) throws IOException {

   *
   * <p>Among the improvements that this method and {@code LoadingCache.get(K)} both provide are:
   *
   * <ul>
   *   <li>{@linkplain LoadingCache#get(Object) awaiting the result of a pending load} rather than
   *       starting a redundant one
   *   <li>eliminating the error-prone caching boilerplate
   *   <li>tracking load {@linkplain #stats statistics}
   * </ul>
   *

  @Param EqualsImplementation equalsImpl;

  private enum WhereToDiffer {
    ONE_PERCENT_IN,
    LAST_BYTE,
    NOT_AT_ALL;
  }

  private enum EqualsImplementation {
    ANDING_BOOLEANS {
      @Override
      boolean doEquals(byte[] a, byte[] b) {
        if (a.length != b.length) {
          return false;
        }
        boolean areEqual = true;

  @Param EqualsImplementation equalsImpl;

  private enum WhereToDiffer {
    ONE_PERCENT_IN,
    LAST_BYTE,
    NOT_AT_ALL;
  }

  private enum EqualsImplementation {
    ANDING_BOOLEANS {
      @Override
      boolean doEquals(byte[] a, byte[] b) {
        if (a.length != b.length) {
          return false;
        }
        boolean areEqual = true;

   * tasks. Second, the returned list will always be empty, as any submitted task is considered to
   * have started execution. This applies also to tasks given to {@code invokeAll} or {@code
   * invokeAny} which are pending serial execution, even the subset of the tasks that have not yet
   * started execution. It is unclear from the {@code ExecutorService} specification if these should

    bufferHelper("three\rlines\rno newline at end", "three\r", "lines\r", "no newline at end");
    bufferHelper("mixed\nline\rendings\r\n", "mixed\n", "line\r", "endings\r\n");
  }

  private static final int[] CHUNK_SIZES = {1, 2, 3, Integer.MAX_VALUE};

  private static void bufferHelper(String input, String... expect) throws IOException {

      assertThat(e).hasMessageThat().isEqualTo("Cannot get() on a pending future.");
    }
  }

  static void verifyTimedGetOnPendingFuture(Future<?> future) {
    try {
      future.get(0, SECONDS);
      fail();
    } catch (Exception e) {
      assertThat(e).isInstanceOf(IllegalStateException.class);
      assertThat(e).hasMessageThat().isEqualTo("Cannot get() on a pending future.");
    }
  }

   *
   * <p>Among the improvements that this method and {@code LoadingCache.get(K)} both provide are:
   *
   * <ul>
   *   <li>{@linkplain LoadingCache#get(Object) awaiting the result of a pending load} rather than
   *       starting a redundant one
   *   <li>eliminating the error-prone caching boilerplate
   *   <li>tracking load {@linkplain #stats statistics}
   * </ul>
   *

/**
 * An entry in a reference map.
 *
 * <p>Entries in the map can be in the following states:
 *
 * <p>Valid:
 *
 * <ul>
 *   <li>Live: valid key/value are set
 *   <li>Loading: loading is pending
 * </ul>
 *
 * <p>Invalid:
 *
 * <ul>
 *   <li>Expired: time expired (key/value may still be set)
 *   <li>Collected: key/value was partially collected, but not yet cleaned up

    return longBitsToDouble(significand | ONE_BITS);
  }

  static double bigToDouble(BigInteger x) {
    // This is an extremely fast implementation of BigInteger.doubleValue(). JDK patch pending.
    BigInteger absX = x.abs();
    int exponent = absX.bitLength() - 1;
    // exponent == floor(log2(abs(x)))
    if (exponent < Long.SIZE - 1) {
      return x.longValue();
    } else if (exponent > MAX_EXPONENT) {