Pour ces cas, vous pouvez spécifier un appel à `jsonable_encoder` pour convertir vos données avant de les passer à une réponse :

```Python hl_lines="6-7  21-22"
{!../../../docs_src/response_directly/tutorial001.py!}
```

!!! note "Détails techniques"
    Vous pouvez aussi utiliser `from starlette.responses import JSONResponse`.

Para esos casos, puedes usar el `jsonable_encoder` para convertir tus datos antes de pasarlos a la respuesta:

```Python hl_lines="4 6 20 21"
{!../../../docs_src/response_directly/tutorial001.py!}
```

!!! note "Detalles Técnicos"
    También puedes usar `from starlette.responses import JSONResponse`.

In diesen Fällen können Sie den `jsonable_encoder` verwenden, um Ihre Daten zu konvertieren, bevor Sie sie an eine Response übergeben:

```Python hl_lines="6-7  21-22"
{!../../../docs_src/response_directly/tutorial001.py!}
```

!!! note "Technische Details"
    Sie können auch `from starlette.responses import JSONResponse` verwenden.

不过，仍可以验证、转换与注释（使用 Pydantic 模型的请求体等）其它正常声明的参数。

但在某些特定情况下，还是需要提取 `Request` 对象。

## 直接使用 `Request` 对象

假设要在*路径操作函数*中获取客户端 IP 地址和主机。

此时，需要直接访问请求。

```Python hl_lines="1  7-8"
{!../../../docs_src/using_request_directly/tutorial001.py!}
```

把*路径操作函数*的参数类型声明为 `Request`，**FastAPI** 就能把 `Request` 传递到参数里。

!!! tip "提示"

    注意，本例除了声明请求参数之外，还声明了路径参数。

    因此，能够提取、验证路径参数、并转换为指定类型，还可以用 OpenAPI 注释。

Angenommen, Sie möchten auf die IP-Adresse/den Host des Clients in Ihrer *Pfadoperation-Funktion* zugreifen.

Dazu müssen Sie direkt auf den Request zugreifen.

```Python hl_lines="1  7-8"
{!../../../docs_src/using_request_directly/tutorial001.py!}
```

Durch die Deklaration eines *Pfadoperation-Funktionsparameters*, dessen Typ der `Request` ist, weiß **FastAPI**, dass es den `Request` diesem Parameter übergeben soll.

!!! tip "Tipp"

You can also declare the `Response` parameter in dependencies, and set cookies (and headers) in them.

## Return a `Response` directly

You can also create cookies when returning a `Response` directly in your code.

To do that, you can create a response as described in [Return a Response Directly](response-directly.md){.internal-link target=_blank}.

Then set Cookies in it, and then return it:

```Python hl_lines="10-12"

By default, **FastAPI** will return the responses using `JSONResponse`.

You can override it by returning a `Response` directly as seen in [Return a Response directly](response-directly.md){.internal-link target=_blank}.

You can also declare the `Response` parameter in dependencies, and set headers (and cookies) in them.

## Return a `Response` directly

You can also add headers when you return a `Response` directly.

Create a response as described in [Return a Response Directly](response-directly.md){.internal-link target=_blank} and pass the headers as an additional parameter:

```Python hl_lines="10-12"

    protected final void doNotActuallyRunThis() {
      fail("Nobody's meant to actually run this!");
    }
  }

  @AndroidIncompatible // Android attempts to run directly
  @NonTesterAnnotation
  @ExampleDerivedFeature.Require({ExampleDerivedFeature.DERIVED_FEATURE_2})
  private static class ExampleDerivedInterfaceTester extends ExampleBaseInterfaceTester {

                * **FastAPI** adds a reference here to the global JSON Schemas in another place in your OpenAPI instead of including it directly. This way, other applications and clients can use those JSON Schemas directly, provide better code generation tools, etc.

The generated responses in the OpenAPI for this *path operation* will be:

```JSON hl_lines="3-12"
{
    "responses": {