*
 * <ul>
 *   <li>a → 1
 *   <li>a → 2
 *   <li>b → 3
 * </ul>
 *
 * <p><b>Important:</b> although the first interpretation resembles how most multimaps are
 * <i>implemented</i>, the design of the {@code Multimap} API is based on the <i>second</i> form.
 * So, using the multimap shown above as an example, the {@link #size} is {@code 3}, not {@code 2},

  /*
   * This is an implementation of ImmutableMap optimized especially for Android, which does not like
   * objects per entry.  Instead we use an open-addressed hash table.  This design is basically
   * equivalent to RegularImmutableSet, save that instead of having a hash table containing the
   * elements directly and null for empty positions, we store indices of the keys in the hash table,

 * interpretation of the edge value as its multiplicity.)
 *
 * <h3>Building a {@code ValueGraph}</h3>
 *
 * <p>The implementation classes that {@code common.graph} provides are not public, by design. To
 * create an instance of one of the built-in implementations of {@code ValueGraph}, use the {@link
 * ValueGraphBuilder} class:
 *
 * <pre>{@code

  //    Imagine:
  //    guard.lock();
  //    try { /* monitor locked and guard satisfied here */ }
  //    finally { guard.unlock(); }
  // Here are Justin's design notes about this:
  //
  // This idea has come up from time to time, and I think one of my
  // earlier versions of Monitor even did something like this. I ended
  // up strongly favoring the current interface.
  //

 * extensions with parallel edges. If you need parallel edges, use {@link Network}.
 *
 * <h3>Building a {@code Graph}</h3>
 *
 * <p>The implementation classes that {@code common.graph} provides are not public, by design. To
 * create an instance of one of the built-in implementations of {@code Graph}, use the {@link
 * GraphBuilder} class:
 *
 * <pre>{@code
 * MutableGraph<Integer> graph = GraphBuilder.undirected().build();
 * }</pre>

@ElementTypesAreNonnullByDefault
abstract class AbstractMapBasedMultimap<K extends @Nullable Object, V extends @Nullable Object>
    extends AbstractMultimap<K, V> implements Serializable {
  /*
   * Here's an outline of the overall design.
   *
   * The map variable contains the collection of values associated with each
   * key. When a key-value pair is added to a multimap that didn't previously
   * contain any values for that key, a new collection generated by

    if (floorEntry != null && floorEntry.getValue().contains(value)) {
      return floorEntry.getValue();
    } else {
      // TODO(kevinb): revisit this design choice
      return null;
    }
  }

  @Override
  public boolean intersects(Range<C> range) {
    checkNotNull(range);

 *   <li>graphs whose edges are unique objects
 * </ul>
 *
 * <h3>Building a {@code Network}</h3>
 *
 * <p>The implementation classes that {@code common.graph} provides are not public, by design. To
 * create an instance of one of the built-in implementations of {@code Network}, use the {@link
 * NetworkBuilder} class:
 *
 * <pre>{@code
 * MutableNetwork<Integer, MyEdge> network = NetworkBuilder.directed().build();

      this.hashFunction = new ChecksumHashFunction(this, 32, toString);
    }
  }

  /**
   * Returns a hash function implementing FarmHash's Fingerprint64, an open-source algorithm.
   *
   * <p>This is designed for generating persistent fingerprints of strings. It isn't
   * cryptographically secure, but it produces a high-quality hash with fewer collisions than some
   * alternatives we've used in the past.
   *

   * Returns the innermost cause of {@code throwable}. The first throwable in a chain provides
   * context from when the error or exception was initially detected. Example usage:
   *
   * <pre>
   * assertEquals("Unable to assign a customer id", Throwables.getRootCause(e).getMessage());
   * </pre>
   *
   * @throws IllegalArgumentException if there is a loop in the causal chain
   */
  public static Throwable getRootCause(Throwable throwable) {