/**
   * Returns {@code true} if {@code bytes} is a <i>well-formed</i> UTF-8 byte sequence according to
   * Unicode 6.0. Note that this is a stronger criterion than simply whether the bytes can be
   * decoded. For example, some versions of the JDK decoder will accept "non-shortest form" byte
   * sequences, but encoding never reproduces these. Such byte sequences are <i>not</i> considered
   * well-formed.
   *

          // otherwise try to presize a StringBuilder
          // it is kind of lame that we need to construct a decoder to access this value.
          // if this is a concern we could add special cases for some known charsets (like utf8)
          // or we could avoid inputstreamreader and use the decoder api directly
          // TODO(lukes): in a real implementation we would need to handle overflow conditions

          // otherwise try to presize a StringBuilder
          // it is kind of lame that we need to construct a decoder to access this value.
          // if this is a concern we could add special cases for some known charsets (like utf8)
          // or we could avoid inputstreamreader and use the decoder api directly
          // TODO(lukes): in a real implementation we would need to handle overflow conditions

  /**
   * Returns {@code true} if {@code bytes} is a <i>well-formed</i> UTF-8 byte sequence according to
   * Unicode 6.0. Note that this is a stronger criterion than simply whether the bytes can be
   * decoded. For example, some versions of the JDK decoder will accept "non-shortest form" byte
   * sequences, but encoding never reproduces these. Such byte sequences are <i>not</i> considered
   * well-formed.
   *

    }
  }

  private static void testEncoding(BaseEncoding encoding, String decoded, String encoded) {
    testEncodes(encoding, decoded, encoded);
    testDecodes(encoding, encoded, decoded);
  }

  private static void testEncodes(BaseEncoding encoding, String decoded, String encoded) {
    assertThat(encoding.encode(decoded.getBytes(UTF_8))).isEqualTo(encoded);
  }

  private static void testEncodesWithOffset(

    assertThat(UnsignedInts.decode("0xffffffff")).isEqualTo(0xffffffff);
    assertThat(UnsignedInts.decode("01234567")).isEqualTo(01234567); // octal
    assertThat(UnsignedInts.decode("#12345678")).isEqualTo(0x12345678);
    assertThat(UnsignedInts.decode("76543210")).isEqualTo(76543210);
    assertThat(UnsignedInts.decode("0x13579135")).isEqualTo(0x13579135);
    assertThat(UnsignedInts.decode("0X13579135")).isEqualTo(0x13579135);

  }

  private static final Function<String, String> DECODE_FUNCTION =
      new Function<String, String>() {
        @Override
        public String apply(String input) {
          return new String(BaseEncoding.base64().decode(input), Charsets.UTF_8);
        }
      };

  private static final EntryTransformer<String, String, String> DECODE_ENTRY_TRANSFORMER =
      new EntryTransformer<String, String, String>() {

      }
      int bytesWritten = 0;
      for (int i = 0; i < chars.length(); ) {
        int chunk = alphabet.decode(chars.charAt(i++)) << 18;
        chunk |= alphabet.decode(chars.charAt(i++)) << 12;
        target[bytesWritten++] = (byte) (chunk >>> 16);
        if (i < chars.length()) {
          chunk |= alphabet.decode(chars.charAt(i++)) << 6;
          target[bytesWritten++] = (byte) ((chunk >>> 8) & 0xFF);

    byte[] data = fillByteArray(50, 0xdd);

    checkSha1("125d7342b9ac11cd91a39af48aa17b4f63f175d3", key, data);
  }

  public void testRfc2202_hmacSha1_case4() {
    byte[] key = base16().lowerCase().decode("0102030405060708090a0b0c0d0e0f10111213141516171819");
    byte[] data = fillByteArray(50, 0xcd);

    checkSha1("4c9007f4026250c6bc8414f9bf50c86c2d7235da", key, data);
  }

  static ParameterizedType newParameterizedType(Class<?> rawType, Type... arguments) {
    return new ParameterizedTypeImpl(
        ClassOwnership.JVM_BEHAVIOR.getOwnerType(rawType), rawType, arguments);
  }

  /** Decides what owner type to use for constructing {@link ParameterizedType} from a raw class. */
  private enum ClassOwnership {
    OWNED_BY_ENCLOSING_CLASS {
      @Override
      @CheckForNull