}},
			"SELECT * FROM `users` WHERE `users`.`id` = ? OR `name` <> ? AND `age` > ?",
			[]interface{}{"1", "jinzhu", 18},
		},
		{
			[]clause.Interface{clause.Select{}, clause.From{}, clause.Where{

								[]clause.Expression{clause.Eq{clause.Column{Table: "profiles", Name: "email"}, clause.Column{Table: clause.CurrentTable, Name: "email"}}},
							},
						},
					},
				}, clause.From{
					Joins: []clause.Join{
						{
							Type:  clause.InnerJoin,
							Table: clause.Table{Name: "articles"},
							ON: clause.Where{
								[]clause.Expression{clause.Eq{clause.Column{Table: "articles", Name: "id"}, clause.PrimaryColumn}},

	Distinct   bool
	Columns    []Column
	Expression Expression
}

func (s Select) Name() string {
	return "SELECT"
}

func (s Select) Build(builder Builder) {
	if len(s.Columns) > 0 {
		if s.Distinct {
			builder.WriteString("DISTINCT ")
		}

		for idx, column := range s.Columns {
			if idx > 0 {
				builder.WriteByte(',')
			}
			builder.WriteQuoted(column)
		}
	} else {
		builder.WriteByte('*')

				Columns: []clause.Column{{Name: "role"}},
				Having:  []clause.Expression{clause.Eq{"role", "admin"}},
			}},
			"SELECT * FROM `users` GROUP BY `role` HAVING `role` = ?",
			[]interface{}{"admin"},
		},
		{
			[]clause.Interface{clause.Select{}, clause.From{}, clause.GroupBy{
				Columns: []clause.Column{{Name: "role"}},
				Having:  []clause.Expression{clause.Eq{"role", "admin"}},

        stale-issue-message: "This issue has been marked as invalid question, please give more information by following the `Question` template, if you believe there is a bug of GORM, please create a pull request that could reproduce the issue on [https://github.com/go-gorm/playground](https://github.com/go-gorm/playground), the issue will be closed in 30 days if no further activity occurs. most likely your question already answered https://github.com/go-gorm/gorm/issues...

func TestUpdateColumn(t *testing.T) {
	users := []*User{
		GetUser("update_column_01", Config{}),
		GetUser("update_column_02", Config{}),
	}

	DB.Create(&users)
	lastUpdatedAt := users[1].UpdatedAt

	// update with map
	DB.Model(users[1]).UpdateColumns(map[string]interface{}{"name": "update_column_02_newname", "age": 100})
	if users[1].Name != "update_column_02_newname" || users[1].Age != 100 {

	if len(foreignKeys) == 1 {
		for idx, r := range foreignValues {
			queryValues[idx] = r[0]
		}

		return clause.Column{Table: table, Name: foreignKeys[0]}, queryValues
	}

	columns := make([]clause.Column, len(foreignKeys))
	for idx, key := range foreignKeys {
		columns[idx] = clause.Column{Table: table, Name: key}
	}

	for idx, r := range foreignValues {
		queryValues[idx] = r
	}

		Having: tx.Statement.BuildCondition(query, args...),
	})
	return
}

// Order specify order when retrieving records from database
//
//	db.Order("name DESC")
//	db.Order(clause.OrderByColumn{Column: clause.Column{Name: "name"}, Desc: true})
func (db *DB) Order(value interface{}) (tx *DB) {
	tx = db.getInstance()

	switch v := value.(type) {
	case clause.OrderByColumn:
		tx.Statement.AddClause(clause.OrderBy{

type Language struct {
	Code string `gorm:"primarykey"`
	Name string
}

type Coupon struct {
	ID               int              `gorm:"primarykey; size:255"`
	AppliesToProduct []*CouponProduct `gorm:"foreignKey:CouponId;constraint:OnDelete:CASCADE"`
	AmountOff        uint32           `gorm:"column:amount_off"`
	PercentOff       float32          `gorm:"column:percent_off"`
}

type CouponProduct struct {

				newName = field.DBName
			}
		}

		return m.DB.Exec(
			"ALTER TABLE ? RENAME COLUMN ? TO ?",
			m.CurrentTable(stmt), clause.Column{Name: oldName}, clause.Column{Name: newName},
		).Error
	})
}

// MigrateColumn migrate column
func (m Migrator) MigrateColumn(value interface{}, field *schema.Field, columnType gorm.ColumnType) error {
	if field.IgnoreMigration {