- iter_json
            - send_text
            - send_bytes
            - send_json
            - close

When a client disconnects, a `WebSocketDisconnect` exception is raised, you can catch it.

You can import it directly form `fastapi`:

```python
from fastapi import WebSocketDisconnect
```

::: fastapi.WebSocketDisconnect

## WebSockets - additional classes

 <span style="background-color:#C4A000"><font color="#2E3436">╰─────────────────────────────────────────────────────╯</font></span>

<font color="#4E9A06">INFO</font>:     Will watch for changes in these directories: [&apos;/home/user/code/awesomeapp&apos;]
<font color="#4E9A06">INFO</font>:     Uvicorn running on <b>http://127.0.0.1:8000</b> (Press CTRL+C to quit)

```

因为上述数据未包含已存储的属性 `"tax": 20.2`，新的输入模型会把 `"tax": 10.5` 作为默认值。

因此，本次操作把 `tax` 的值「更新」为 `10.5`。

## 用 `PATCH` 进行部分更新

<a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/zh-CN/docs/Web/HTTP/Methods/PATCH" class="external-link" target="_blank">HTTP `PATCH`</a> 操作用于更新 *部分* 数据。

即，只发送要更新的数据，其余数据保持不变。

!!! note "笔记"

    `PATCH` 没有 `PUT` 知名，也怎么不常用。

    很多人甚至只用 `PUT` 实现部分更新。

    **FastAPI** 对此没有任何限制，可以**随意**互换使用这两种操作。

Following the Semantic Versioning conventions, any version below `1.0.0` could potentially add breaking changes.

FastAPI also follows the convention that any "PATCH" version change is for bug fixes and non-breaking changes.

!!! tip
    The "PATCH" is the last number, for example, in `0.2.3`, the PATCH version is `3`.

So, you should be able to pin to a version like:

```txt
fastapi>=0.45.0,<0.46.0
```

des changements non rétrocompatibles.

FastAPI suit également la convention que tout changement de version "PATCH" est pour des corrections de bogues et
des changements rétrocompatibles.

!!! tip "Astuce"
    Le "PATCH" est le dernier chiffre, par exemple, dans `0.2.3`, la version PATCH est `3`.

Donc, vous devriez être capable d'épingler une version comme suit :

```txt
fastapi>=0.45.0,<0.46.0
```

            - openapi
            - websocket
            - include_router
            - get
            - put
            - post
            - delete
            - options
            - head
            - patch
            - trace
            - on_event
            - middleware

```Python hl_lines="6  11"
{!../../../docs_src/path_params/tutorial003.py!}
```

Otherwise, the path for `/users/{user_id}` would match also for `/users/me`, "thinking" that it's receiving a parameter `user_id` with a value of `"me"`.

Similarly, you cannot redefine a path operation:

```Python hl_lines="6  11"

#### Операция (operation)

"Операция" это один из "методов" HTTP.

Таких, как:

* `POST`
* `GET`
* `PUT`
* `DELETE`

...и более экзотических:

* `OPTIONS`
* `HEAD`
* `PATCH`
* `TRACE`

По протоколу HTTP можно обращаться к каждому пути, используя один (или несколько) из этих "методов".

---

„Operation“ bezieht sich hier auf eine der HTTP-„Methoden“.

Eine von diesen:

* `POST`
* `GET`
* `PUT`
* `DELETE`

... und die etwas Exotischeren:

* `OPTIONS`
* `HEAD`
* `PATCH`
* `TRACE`

Im HTTP-Protokoll können Sie mit jedem Pfad über eine (oder mehrere) dieser „Methoden“ kommunizieren.

---

#### 🛠️

"🛠️" 📥 🔗 1️⃣ 🇺🇸🔍 "👩‍🔬".

1️⃣:

* `POST`
* `GET`
* `PUT`
* `DELETE`

...& 🌅 😍 🕐:

* `OPTIONS`
* `HEAD`
* `PATCH`
* `TRACE`

🇺🇸🔍 🛠️, 👆 💪 🔗 🔠 ➡ ⚙️ 1️⃣ (⚖️ 🌅) 👫 "👩‍🔬".

---

🕐❔ 🏗 🔗, 👆 🛎 ⚙️ 👫 🎯 🇺🇸🔍 👩‍🔬 🎭 🎯 🎯.

🛎 👆 ⚙️:

* `POST`: ✍ 💽.
* `GET`: ✍ 💽.
* `PUT`: ℹ 💽.