* deterministic.
 *
 * This class ensures that at most one thread is running at a time. This is initially the JUnit test
 * thread, which yields its execution privilege while calling [runTasks], [runNextTask], or
 * [advanceUntil]. These functions don't return until the task threads are all idle.
 *
 * Task threads release their execution privilege in these ways:
 *

    parts.nextPart()!!
    val partMno = parts.nextPart()!!
    assertThat(partMno.body.readUtf8()).isEqualTo("mnop")

    assertThat(parts.nextPart()).isNull()
  }

  @Test fun `cannot read part after calling nextPart`() {
    val multipart =
      """
      |--simple boundary
      |
      |abcd
      |efgh
      |ijkl
      |--simple boundary
      |
      |mnop
      |--simple boundary--

!!! tip
    You'll see what other "things", apart from functions, can be used as dependencies in the next chapter.

Whenever a new request arrives, **FastAPI** will take care of:

* Calling your dependency ("dependable") function with the correct parameters.
* Get the result from your function.
* Assign that result to the parameter in your *path operation function*.

```mermaid
graph TB

    }

    if (queue.futureTasks.isNotEmpty()) {
      readyQueues.add(queue)
    }
  }

  /**
   * Returns an immediately-executable task for the calling thread to execute, sleeping as necessary
   * until one is ready. If there are no ready queues, or if other threads have everything under

        this.url = url
      }

    /**
     * Sets the URL target of this request.
     *
     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if [url] is not a valid HTTP or HTTPS URL. Avoid this
     *     exception by calling [HttpUrl.parse]; it returns null for invalid URLs.
     */
    open fun url(url: String): Builder {
      return url(canonicalUrl(url).toHttpUrl())
    }

    /**
     * Sets the URL target of this request.

 * an open file (for cached responses). Failing to close the response body will leak resources and
 * may ultimately cause the application to slow down or crash.
 *
 * Both this class and [Response] implement [Closeable]. Closing a response simply
 * closes its response body. If you invoke [Call.execute] or implement [Callback.onResponse] you
 * must close this body by calling any of the following methods:
 *
 * * `Response.close()`

{!../../../docs_src/custom_response/tutorial004.py!}
```

In this example, the function `generate_html_response()` already generates and returns a `Response` instead of returning the HTML in a `str`.

By returning the result of calling `generate_html_response()`, you are already returning a `Response` that will override the default **FastAPI** behavior.

 *         .maxStale(365, TimeUnit.DAYS)
 *         .build())
 *     .url("http://publicobject.com/helloworld.txt")
 *     .build();
 * ```
 *
 * The [CacheControl] class can configure request caching directives and parse response caching
 * directives. It even offers convenient constants [CacheControl.FORCE_NETWORK] and
 * [CacheControl.FORCE_CACHE] that address the use cases above.
 *
 * [rfc_7234]: http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7234

```Python
class Cat:
    def __init__(self, name: str):
        self.name = name


fluffy = Cat(name="Mr Fluffy")
```

In this case, `fluffy` is an instance of the class `Cat`.

And to create `fluffy`, you are "calling" `Cat`.

So, a Python class is also a **callable**.

Then, in **FastAPI**, you could use a Python class as a dependency.

      }

      return toString()
    }
  }

  fun newBuilder(): Builder = Builder(this)

  /**
   * Builds a cookie. The [name], [value], and [domain] values must all be set before calling
   * [build].
   */
  class Builder() {
    private var name: String? = null
    private var value: String? = null
    private var expiresAt = MAX_DATE
    private var domain: String? = null