* @param arrays zero or more {@code byte} arrays
   * @return a single array containing all the values from the source arrays, in order
   */
  public static byte[] concat(byte[]... arrays) {
    int length = 0;
    for (byte[] array : arrays) {
      length += array.length;
    }
    byte[] result = new byte[length];
    int pos = 0;
    for (byte[] array : arrays) {
      System.arraycopy(array, 0, result, pos, array.length);

        }
        int byte2 = bytes[index++];
        if (byte2 > (byte) 0xBF
            // Overlong? 5 most significant bits must not all be zero.
            || (byte1 == (byte) 0xE0 && byte2 < (byte) 0xA0)
            // Check for illegal surrogate codepoints.
            || (byte1 == (byte) 0xED && (byte) 0xA0 <= byte2)
            // Third byte trailing-byte test.
            || bytes[index++] > (byte) 0xBF) {
          return false;

      actual += expected;
    }
    assertEquals(EXPECTED_FOUR_BYTE_ROUNDTRIPPABLE_COUNT, actual);
  }

  private static String newString(char... chars) {
    return new String(chars);
  }

  private static byte[] toByteArray(int... bytes) {
    byte[] realBytes = new byte[bytes.length];
    for (int i = 0; i < bytes.length; i++) {
      realBytes[i] = (byte) bytes[i];
    }
    return realBytes;
  }

  }

  MessageDigestHashFunction(String algorithmName, int bytes, String toString) {
    this.toString = checkNotNull(toString);
    this.prototype = getMessageDigest(algorithmName);
    int maxLength = prototype.getDigestLength();
    checkArgument(
        bytes >= 4 && bytes <= maxLength, "bytes (%s) must be >= 4 and < %s", bytes, maxLength);
    this.bytes = bytes;
    this.supportsClone = supportsClone(prototype);
  }

    byte[] bytes = HashTestUtils.ascii(input);

    Checksum checksum = supplier.get();
    checksum.update(bytes, 0, bytes.length);
    long value = checksum.getValue();

    String toString = "name";
    HashFunction func = new ChecksumHashFunction(supplier, 32, toString);
    assertEquals(toString, func.toString());
    assertEquals(value, func.hashBytes(bytes).padToLong());
  }

    assertFalse(sink.wasStreamClosed());

    out.write(new byte[] {1, 2, 3, 4});
    out.close();

    assertTrue(sink.wasStreamClosed());
    assertArrayEquals(new byte[] {1, 2, 3, 4}, sink.getBytes());
  }

  public void testWrite_bytes() throws IOException {
    assertArrayEquals(new byte[0], sink.getBytes());
    sink.write(bytes);

    assertTrue(sink.wasStreamOpened() && sink.wasStreamClosed());

  }

  static TestSuite suiteForBytes(
      ByteSourceFactory factory, byte[] bytes, String name, String desc, boolean slice) {
    TestSuite suite = new TestSuite(name + " [" + desc + "]");
    for (Method method : testMethods) {
      suite.addTest(new ByteSourceTester(factory, bytes, name, desc, method));
    }

    if (slice && bytes.length > 0) {
      // test a random slice() of the ByteSource

  }

  /** Convenience method to compute a fingerprint on a full bytes array. */
  private static long fingerprint(byte[] bytes) {
    return fingerprint(bytes, bytes.length);
  }

  /** Convenience method to compute a fingerprint on a subset of a byte array. */
  private static long fingerprint(byte[] bytes, int length) {
    return HASH_FN.hashBytes(bytes, 0, length).asLong();
  }

  /**

    PrimitiveSink sink = mock(PrimitiveSink.class);
    OutputStream out = Funnels.asOutputStream(sink);
    byte[] bytes = {1, 2, 3, 4};
    out.write(255);
    out.write(bytes);
    out.write(bytes, 1, 2);
    verify(sink).putByte((byte) 255);
    verify(sink).putBytes(bytes);
    verify(sink).putBytes(bytes, 1, 2);
  }

  public void testSerialization() {
    assertSame(

    for (int length = 0; length < 1000; length++) {
      byte[] bytes = new byte[length];
      r.nextBytes(bytes);
      assertCrc(referenceCrc(bytes), bytes);
    }
  }

  private static int referenceCrc(byte[] bytes) {
    int crc = ~0;
    for (byte b : bytes) {
      crc = (crc >>> 8) ^ Crc32cHashFunction.Crc32cHasher.BYTE_TABLE[(crc ^ b) & 0xFF];
    }
    return ~crc;
  }

  /**