* @param arrays zero or more {@code byte} arrays
   * @return a single array containing all the values from the source arrays, in order
   */
  public static byte[] concat(byte[]... arrays) {
    int length = 0;
    for (byte[] array : arrays) {
      length += array.length;
    }
    byte[] result = new byte[length];
    int pos = 0;
    for (byte[] array : arrays) {
      System.arraycopy(array, 0, result, pos, array.length);

   * @param arrays zero or more {@code byte} arrays
   * @return a single array containing all the values from the source arrays, in order
   */
  public static byte[] concat(byte[]... arrays) {
    int length = 0;
    for (byte[] array : arrays) {
      length += array.length;
    }
    byte[] result = new byte[length];
    int pos = 0;
    for (byte[] array : arrays) {
      System.arraycopy(array, 0, result, pos, array.length);

              0x13579bdf,
              null,
              "df9b5713"),
          new ExpectedHashCode(
              new byte[] {(byte) 0xcd, (byte) 0xab, (byte) 0x00, (byte) 0x00},
              0x0000abcd,
              null,
              "cdab0000"),
          new ExpectedHashCode(
              new byte[] {
                (byte) 0xef, (byte) 0xcd, (byte) 0xab, (byte) 0x00,

    ByteArrayDataInput in = ByteStreams.newDataInput(bytes);
    byte[] actual = new byte[bytes.length];
    in.readFully(actual);
    assertThat(actual).isEqualTo(bytes);
  }

  public void testNewDataInput_readFullyAndThenSome() {
    ByteArrayDataInput in = ByteStreams.newDataInput(bytes);
    byte[] actual = new byte[bytes.length * 2];
    IllegalStateException ex =

    byte[] encode(Closure<Encoder> closure) {
        def bytes = new ByteArrayOutputStream()
        encodeTo(bytes, closure)
        return bytes.toByteArray()
    }

    byte[] truncate(Closure<Encoder> closure) {
        def bytes = new ByteArrayOutputStream()
        encodeTo(bytes, closure)
        def result = bytes.toByteArray()
        if (result.length < 2) {

    return new String(chars);
  }

  private static byte[] toByteArray(int... bytes) {
    byte[] realBytes = new byte[bytes.length];
    for (int i = 0; i < bytes.length; i++) {
      realBytes[i] = (byte) bytes[i];
    }
    return realBytes;
  }

  private static void assertWellFormed(int... bytes) {
    assertTrue(Utf8.isWellFormed(toByteArray(bytes)));
  }

    private static void longToBytes(long value, byte[] bytes, int offset) {
        bytes[offset] = (byte) (value & 0xFF);
        bytes[offset + 1] = (byte) ((value >>> 8) & 0xFF);
        bytes[offset + 2] = (byte) ((value >>> 16) & 0xFF);
        bytes[offset + 3] = (byte) ((value >>> 24) & 0xFF);
        bytes[offset + 4] = (byte) ((value >>> 32) & 0xFF);
        bytes[offset + 5] = (byte) ((value >>> 40) & 0xFF);

    public int bits() {
      return 64;
    }

    @Override
    public byte[] asBytes() {
      return new byte[] {
        (byte) hash,
        (byte) (hash >> 8),
        (byte) (hash >> 16),
        (byte) (hash >> 24),
        (byte) (hash >> 32),
        (byte) (hash >> 40),
        (byte) (hash >> 48),
        (byte) (hash >> 56)
      };
    }

    @Override
    public int asInt() {

    public int bits() {
      return 64;
    }

    @Override
    public byte[] asBytes() {
      return new byte[] {
        (byte) hash,
        (byte) (hash >> 8),
        (byte) (hash >> 16),
        (byte) (hash >> 24),
        (byte) (hash >> 32),
        (byte) (hash >> 40),
        (byte) (hash >> 48),
        (byte) (hash >> 56)
      };
    }

    @Override
    public int asInt() {

     * @param context The local security context.
     */
    public void setContext(byte[] context) {
        this.context = context;
    }

    public byte[] toByteArray() {
        try {
            String targetName = getTarget();
            byte[] challenge = getChallenge();
            byte[] context = getContext();
            byte[] targetInformation = getTargetInformation();
            int flags = getFlags();