* ⬆ Bump pypa/gh-action-pypi-publish from 1.8.11 to 1.8.14. PR [#11318](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/11318) by [@dependabot[bot]](https://github.com/apps/dependabot).
* ⬆ Bump pillow from 10.1.0 to 10.2.0. PR [#11011](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/11011) by [@dependabot[bot]](https://github.com/apps/dependabot).

* There's also an `app/dependencies.py` file, just like `app/main.py`, it is a "module": `app.dependencies`.
* There's a subdirectory `app/routers/` with another file `__init__.py`, so it's a "Python subpackage": `app.routers`.
* The file `app/routers/items.py` is inside a package, `app/routers/`, so, it's a submodule: `app.routers.items`.
* The same with `app/routers/users.py`, it's another submodule: `app.routers.users`.

    It is the "**path operation decorator**".

You can also use the other operations:

* `@app.post()`
* `@app.put()`
* `@app.delete()`

And the more exotic ones:

* `@app.options()`
* `@app.head()`
* `@app.patch()`
* `@app.trace()`

!!! tip
    You are free to use each operation (HTTP method) as you wish.

The hierarchy is like:

* **Uvicorn**: an ASGI server
    * **Starlette**: (uses Uvicorn) a web microframework
        * **FastAPI**: (uses Starlette) an API microframework with several additional features for building APIs, with data validation, etc.

* **Uvicorn**:
    * Will have the best performance, as it doesn't have much extra code apart from the server itself.

```

</div>

<details markdown="1">
<summary>Informazioni sul comando <code>uvicorn main:app --reload</code>...</summary>

Vediamo il comando `uvicorn main:app` in dettaglio:

* `main`: il file `main.py` (il "modulo" Python).
* `app`: l'oggetto creato dentro `main.py` con la riga di codice `app = FastAPI()`.

    ```
    pip install "uvicorn[standard]"
    ```

    E o mesmo para cada dependência opcional que você quiser usar.

## Guia Avançado de Usuário

Há também um **Guia Avançado de Usuário** que você pode ler após esse **Tutorial - Guia de Usuário**.

O **Guia Avançado de Usuário** constrói sobre esse, usa os mesmos conceitos e te ensina alguns recursos extras.

### <a href="https://www.django-rest-framework.org/" class="external-link" target="_blank">Django REST Framework</a>

Django REST framework was created to be a flexible toolkit for building Web APIs using Django underneath, to improve its API capabilities.

## Przykład

### Stwórz

* Utwórz plik o nazwie `main.py` z:

```Python
from typing import Union

from fastapi import FastAPI

app = FastAPI()


@app.get("/")
def read_root():
    return {"Hello": "World"}


@app.get("/items/{item_id}")
def read_item(item_id: int, q: Union[str, None] = None):
    return {"item_id": item_id, "q": q}
```

<details markdown="1">

=== "Python 3.10+"

    ```Python
    {!> ../../../docs_src/app_testing/app_b_an_py310/main.py!}
    ```

=== "Python 3.9+"

    ```Python
    {!> ../../../docs_src/app_testing/app_b_an_py39/main.py!}
    ```

=== "Python 3.8+"

    ```Python
    {!> ../../../docs_src/app_testing/app_b_an/main.py!}
    ```

=== "Python 3.10+ non-Annotated"

    !!! tip

      prefixes = ["/api/v1"]

  [http.routers]

    [http.routers.app-http]
      entryPoints = ["http"]
      service = "app"
      rule = "PathPrefix(`/api/v1`)"
      middlewares = ["api-stripprefix"]

  [http.services]

    [http.services.app]
      [http.services.app.loadBalancer]
        [[http.services.app.loadBalancer.servers]]
          url = "http://127.0.0.1:8000"
```