is entirely undefined, and the compiler may do anything at all.
Go's approach aims to make errant programs more reliable and easier to debug,
while still insisting that races are errors and that tools can diagnose and report them.
</p>

<h2 id="model">Memory Model</h2>

<p>
The following formal definition of Go's memory model closely follows
the approach presented by Hans-J. Boehm and Sarita V. Adve in

<code>Int31</code>,
<code>Int31n</code>,
<code>Int63</code>,
and
<code>Int64n</code>
top-level functions and methods from <code>math/rand</code>
are spelled more idiomatically in <code>math/rand/v2</code>:
<code>IntN</code>,
<code>Int32</code>,
<code>Int32N</code>,
<code>Int64</code>,
and
<code>Int64N</code>.
There are also new top-level functions and methods
<code>Uint32</code>,
<code>Uint32N</code>,

<p>
these types are identical:
</p>

<pre>
A0, A1, and []string
A2 and struct{ a, b int }
A3 and int
A4, func(int, float64) *[]string, and A5

B0 and C0
[]int and []int
struct{ a, b *T5 } and struct{ a, b *T5 }
func(x int, y float64) *[]string, func(int, float64) (result *[]string), and A5
</pre>

<p>
<code>B0</code> and <code>B1</code> are different because they are new types

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</p>

<pre>
A0, A1, and []string
A2 and struct{ a, b int }
A3 and int
A4, func(int, float64) *[]string, and A5

B0 and C0
D0[int, string] and E0
[]int and []int
struct{ a, b *B5 } and struct{ a, b *B5 }
func(x int, y float64) *[]string, func(int, float64) (result *[]string), and A5
</pre>

<p>
<code>B0</code> and <code>B1</code> are different because they are new types