}},
			"SELECT * FROM `users` WHERE (`users`.`id` <> ? AND `age` <= ?) OR `name` <> ? AND (`score` <= ? OR `name` LIKE ?)",
			[]interface{}{"1", 18, "jinzhu", 100, "%linus%"},
		},
		{
			[]clause.Interface{clause.Select{}, clause.From{}, clause.Where{
				Exprs: []clause.Expression{clause.And(clause.Eq{Column: "age", Value: 18}, clause.Or(clause.Neq{Column: "name", Value: "jinzhu"}))},
			}},

		FieldF1 string `gorm:"uniqueIndex:uniq_field_f1_f2;index"` // mul uniqueIndex and index
		FieldF2 string `gorm:"uniqueIndex:uniq_field_f1_f2;"`

		FieldG string `gorm:"unique;uniqueIndex"` // unique and uniqueIndex

		FieldH1 string `gorm:"unique;uniqueIndex:uniq_field_h1_h2"` // unique and mul uniqueIndex
		FieldH2 string `gorm:"uniqueIndex:uniq_field_h1_h2"`        // unique and mul uniqueIndex
	}

			}, clause.GroupBy{
				Columns: []clause.Column{{Name: "gender"}},
				Having:  []clause.Expression{clause.Neq{"gender", "U"}},
			}},
			"SELECT * FROM `users` GROUP BY `role`,`gender` HAVING `role` = ? AND `gender` <> ?",
			[]interface{}{"admin", "U"},
		},
	}

	for idx, result := range results {
		t.Run(fmt.Sprintf("case #%v", idx), func(t *testing.T) {
			checkBuildClauses(t, result.Clauses, result.Result, result.Vars)

	// suppose the maxopen is 1, g1 is creating record and g2 is querying record.
	// 1. g1 begin tx, g1 is requeue because of waiting for the system call, now `db.ConnPool` db.numOpen == 1.
	// 2. g2 select lock `conn.PrepareContext(ctx, query)`, now db.numOpen == db.maxOpen , wait for release.
	// 3. g1 tx exec insert, wait for unlock `conn.PrepareContext(ctx, query)` to finish tx and release.
	stmt, err := conn.PrepareContext(ctx, query)

package schema

import (
	"fmt"
	"sort"
	"strconv"
	"strings"
)

type Index struct {
	Name    string
	Class   string // UNIQUE | FULLTEXT | SPATIAL
	Type    string // btree, hash, gist, spgist, gin, and brin
	Where   string
	Comment string
	Option  string        // WITH PARSER parser_name
	Fields  []IndexOption // Note: IndexOption's Field maybe the same
}

type IndexOption struct {
	*Field
	Expression string

		t.Fatalf("user's updated at should not zero, %v", users[0].UpdatedAt)
	}

	if rowsAffected := DB.Model(&User{}).Clauses(clause.From{Tables: []clause.Table{{Name: "accounts"}}}).Where("accounts.user_id = users.id AND accounts.number = ? AND accounts.deleted_at IS NULL", users[0].Account.Number).Update("name", "franco").RowsAffected; rowsAffected != 1 {
		t.Errorf("should only update one record, but got %v", rowsAffected)
	}

	var result User

	}

	tx2.Commit()

	if err := DB.First(&User{}, "name = ?", "transaction-2").Error; err != nil {
		t.Fatalf("Should be able to find committed record, but got %v", err)
	}

	t.Run("this is test nested transaction and prepareStmt coexist case", func(t *testing.T) {
		// enable prepare statement
		tx3 := DB.Session(&gorm.Session{PrepareStmt: true})
		if err := tx3.Transaction(func(tx4 *gorm.DB) error {
			// nested transaction

		}
	}
	newValues["updated_at"] = time.Time{}
	newValues["active"] = false
	checkField(t, userSchema, reflectValue, newValues)

	// test valuer and other type
	age := myint(10)
	var nilTime *time.Time
	newValues2 := map[string]interface{}{
		"name":       sql.NullString{String: "valuer_and_setter_3", Valid: true},
		"id":         &sql.NullInt64{Int64: 3, Valid: true},
		"created_at": tests.Now(),
		"updated_at": nilTime,

							return []clause.Expression{clause.And(conds...)}
						}
						return nil
					}
				}

				conds = append(conds, clause.IN{Column: clause.PrimaryColumn, Values: args})
			}
		}
	}

	if len(conds) > 0 {
		return []clause.Expression{clause.And(conds...)}
	}
	return nil
}

// Build build sql with clauses names

	}

	DB.Model(&blog2).Association("LocaleTags").Find(&tags)
	if len(tags) != 0 {
		t.Fatalf("Should find 0 tags for EN Blog")
	}

	var blog1 Blog
	DB.Preload("LocaleTags").Find(&blog1, "locale = ? AND id = ?", "ZH", blog.ID)
	if !compareTags(blog1.LocaleTags, []string{"tag1", "tag2", "tag3"}) {
		t.Fatalf("Preload many2many relations")
	}

	tag4 := &Tag{Locale: "ZH", Value: "tag4"}