If you want to use your APIs' function names as `operationId`s, you can iterate over all of them and override each *path operation's* `operation_id` using their `APIRoute.name`.

You should do it after adding all your *path operations*.

```Python hl_lines="2  12-21  24"
{!../../../docs_src/path_operation_advanced_configuration/tutorial002.py!}
```

!!! tip

Here I'll show you how to use <a href="https://gunicorn.org/" class="external-link" target="_blank">**Gunicorn**</a> with **Uvicorn worker processes**.

!!! info
    If you are using containers, for example with Docker or Kubernetes, I'll tell you more about that in the next chapter: [FastAPI in Containers - Docker](docker.md){.internal-link target=_blank}.

* Give you the received data in the parameter `item`.
    * As you declared it in the function to be of type `Item`, you will also have all the editor support (completion, etc) for all of the attributes and their types.
* Generate <a href="https://json-schema.org" class="external-link" target="_blank">JSON Schema</a> definitions for your model, you can also use them anywhere else you like if it makes sense for your project.

    And many teams use only `PUT`, even for partial updates.

    You are **free** to use them however you want, **FastAPI** doesn't impose any restrictions.

    But this guide shows you, more or less, how they are intended to be used.

### Using Pydantic's `exclude_unset` parameter

If you want to receive partial updates, it's very useful to use the parameter `exclude_unset` in Pydantic's model's `.model_dump()`.

    validations:
      required: true
  - type: textarea
    id: context
    attributes:
      label: Context (optional)
      description: |
        How has this issue affected you? What are you trying to accomplish?
        Providing context helps us come up with a solution that is most useful in the real world
    validations:
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    id: steps-to-reproduce

# Security Tools

When you need to declare dependencies with OAuth2 scopes you use `Security()`.

But you still need to define what is the dependable, the callable that you pass as a parameter to `Depends()` or `Security()`.

There are multiple tools that you can use to create those dependables, and they get integrated into OpenAPI so they are shown in the automatic docs UI, they can be used by automatically generated clients and SDKs, etc.

    If you want to read more about these encodings and form fields, head to the <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTTP/Methods/POST" class="external-link" target="_blank"><abbr title="Mozilla Developer Network">MDN</abbr> web docs for <code>POST</code></a>.

!!! warning

And the next sections assume you already read it, and assume that you know those main ideas.

## External Courses

Although the [Tutorial - User Guide](../tutorial/index.md){.internal-link target=_blank} and this **Advanced User Guide** are written as a guided tutorial (like a book) and should be enough for you to **learn FastAPI**, you might want to complement it with additional courses.

You also need to run `mvn clean verify` with Java 8 before committing changes.

If you have ktlint errors, you can automatically fix them by running `mvn com.github.gantsign.maven:ktlint-maven-plugin:1.1.1:format`.

## How the configuration works

We use Kotlin portable DSL to store TeamCity configuration, which means you can easily create a new pipeline

# Exceptions - `HTTPException` and `WebSocketException`

These are the exceptions that you can raise to show errors to the client.

When you raise an exception, as would happen with normal Python, the rest of the execution is aborted. This way you can raise these exceptions from anywhere in the code to abort a request and show the error to the client.

You can use:

* `HTTPException`
* `WebSocketException`