```Python hl_lines="35"
{!../../../docs_src/openapi_callbacks/tutorial001.py!}
```

!!! tip "Tipp"
    Beachten Sie, dass Sie nicht den Router selbst (`invoices_callback_router`) an `callback=` übergeben, sondern das Attribut `.routes`, wie in `invoices_callback_router.routes`.

### Es in der Dokumentation ansehen

    * Haupt-Dashboard mit Benutzererstellung und -bearbeitung.
    * Bearbeitung des eigenen Benutzers.
    * **Vuex**.
    * **Vue-Router**.
    * **Vuetify** für schöne Material-Designkomponenten.
    * **TypeScript**.
    * Docker-Server basierend auf **Nginx** (konfiguriert, um gut mit Vue-Router zu funktionieren).
    * Mehrstufigen Docker-Erstellung, sodass Sie kompilierten Code nicht speichern oder committen müssen.

```Python hl_lines="35"
{!../../../docs_src/openapi_callbacks/tutorial001.py!}
```

!!! tip
    👀 👈 👆 🚫 🚶‍♀️ 📻 ⚫️ (`invoices_callback_router`) `callback=`, ✋️ 🔢 `.routes`, `invoices_callback_router.routes`.

### ✅ 🩺

🔜 👆 💪 ▶️ 👆 📱 ⏮️ Uvicorn &amp; 🚶 <a href="http://127.0.0.1:8000/docs" class="external-link" target="_blank">http://127.0.0.1:8000/docs</a>.

    * If you are comparing FastAPI, compare it against a web application framework (or set of tools) that provides data validation, serialization and documentation, like Flask-apispec, NestJS, Molten, etc. Frameworks with integrated automatic data validation, serialization and documentation....

    * This will be used by the **automatic docs**.
    * It will also be used by automatic client code generation tools.

But most importantly:

* It will **limit and filter** the output data to what is defined in the return type.
    * This is particularly important for **security**, we'll see more of that below.

## `response_model` Parameter

```

## 在路由中自定义 `APIRoute` 类

您还可以设置 `APIRoute` 的 `route_class` 参数：

```Python hl_lines="26"
{!../../../docs_src/custom_request_and_route/tutorial003.py!}
```

本例中，*路径操作*下的 `router` 使用自定义的 `TimedRoute` 类，并在响应中包含输出生成响应时间的 `X-Response-Time` 响应头：

```Python hl_lines="13-20"
{!../../../docs_src/custom_request_and_route/tutorial003.py!}

    Although in FastAPI it's optional, and is used mainly to set headers, cookies, and alternative status codes.

### <a href="https://moltenframework.com/" class="external-link" target="_blank">Molten</a>

I discovered Molten in the first stages of building **FastAPI**. And it has quite similar ideas:

* Based on Python type hints.
* Validation and documentation from these types.
* Dependency Injection system.

@router.get("/router-depends/")
async def router_depends(commons: dict = Depends(common_parameters)):
    return {"in": "router-depends", "params": commons}


@router.get("/router-decorator-depends/", dependencies=[Depends(common_parameters)])
async def router_decorator_depends():
    return {"in": "router-decorator-depends"}


app.include_router(router)

client = TestClient(app)

We are importing the submodule `items` directly, instead of importing just its variable `router`.

This is because we also have another variable named `router` in the submodule `users`.

If we had imported one after the other, like:

```Python
from .routers.items import router
from .routers.users import router
```

### 避免名称冲突

我们将直接导入 `items` 子模块，而不是仅导入其 `router` 变量。

这是因为我们在 `users` 子模块中也有另一个名为 `router` 的变量。

如果我们一个接一个地导入，例如：

```Python
from .routers.items import router
from .routers.users import router
```

来自 `users` 的 `router` 将覆盖来自 `items` 中的 `router`，我们将无法同时使用它们。

因此，为了能够在同一个文件中使用它们，我们直接导入子模块：

```Python hl_lines="5" title="app/main.py"