else if (a.cas(v = a.value, fn(v, x))) break;
        else if (n >= NCPU || cells != as) collide = false; // At max size or stale
        else if (!collide) collide = true;
        else if (busy == 0 && casBusy()) {
          try {
            if (cells == as) { // Expand table unless stale
              Cell[] rs = new Cell[n << 1];
              for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) rs[i] = as[i];
              cells = rs;

        else if (a.cas(v = a.value, fn(v, x))) break;
        else if (n >= NCPU || cells != as) collide = false; // At max size or stale
        else if (!collide) collide = true;
        else if (busy == 0 && casBusy()) {
          try {
            if (cells == as) { // Expand table unless stale
              Cell[] rs = new Cell[n << 1];
              for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) rs[i] = as[i];
              cells = rs;

        else if (a.cas(v = a.value, fn(v, x))) break;
        else if (n >= NCPU || cells != as) collide = false; // At max size or stale
        else if (!collide) collide = true;
        else if (busy == 0 && casBusy()) {
          try {
            if (cells == as) { // Expand table unless stale
              Cell[] rs = new Cell[n << 1];
              for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) rs[i] = as[i];
              cells = rs;

     * its own "running" check.
     */
    void awaitRunChecks() throws InterruptedException {
      assertTrue(
          "Service thread hasn't finished its checks. "
              + "Exception status (possibly stale): "
              + thrownByExecutionThread,
          hasConfirmedIsRunning.await(10, SECONDS));
    }

    @Override
    protected void doStart() {
      assertEquals(State.STARTING, state());

     * its own "running" check.
     */
    void awaitRunChecks() throws InterruptedException {
      assertTrue(
          "Service thread hasn't finished its checks. "
              + "Exception status (possibly stale): "
              + thrownByExecutionThread,
          hasConfirmedIsRunning.await(10, SECONDS));
    }

    @Override
    protected void doStart() {
      assertEquals(State.STARTING, state());

   *
   * On the other hand, past underutilization could mean that "the server responsible for handling
   * the request has become less ready for future requests", i.e. its caches become stale, and
   * requests become more likely to trigger expensive operations (a more extreme case of this
   * example is when a server has just booted, and it is mostly busy with getting itself up to
   * speed).
   *

   * implementation; otherwise refreshes will be performed during unrelated cache read and write
   * operations.
   *
   * <p>Currently automatic refreshes are performed when the first stale request for an entry
   * occurs. The request triggering refresh will make a synchronous call to {@link
   * CacheLoader#reload}
   * and immediately return the new value if the returned future is complete, and the old value