if( length == 0 ) {
            return;
        }

        int s = length % 16;
        int r = ( s == 0 ) ? length / 16 : length / 16 + 1;
        char[] c = new char[r * (74 + NL_LENGTH)];
        char[] d = new char[16];
        int i;
        int si = 0;
        int ci = 0;

        do {
            toHexChars( si, c, ci, 5 );
            ci += 5;
            c[ci++] = ':';

    public List<Character> create(Character[] elements) {
      char[] chars = Chars.toArray(Arrays.asList(elements));
      return Lists.charactersOf(String.copyValueOf(chars));
    }
  }

  public static class CharactersOfCharSequenceGenerator extends TestCharacterListGenerator {
    @Override
    public List<Character> create(Character[] elements) {
      char[] chars = Chars.toArray(Arrays.asList(elements));

    char[] chars = testString.toCharArray();

    boolean dummy = false;
    for (int i = 0; i < reps; i++) {
      for (int n = 0; n < chars.length; n++) {
        dummy ^= Ascii.isUpperCase(chars[n]);
      }
    }
    return dummy;
  }

  static String charSequenceToUpperCase(CharSequence chars) {
    char[] newChars = new char[chars.length()];

      return insertionOrder;
    }
  }

  public static class SampleChars extends SampleElements<Character> {
    public SampleChars() {
      super((char) 0, (char) 1, (char) 2, (char) 3, (char) 4);
    }
  }

      return insertionOrder;
    }
  }

  public static class SampleChars extends SampleElements<Character> {
    public SampleChars() {
      super((char) 0, (char) 1, (char) 2, (char) 3, (char) 4);
    }
  }

          private final char[] unknown = new char[] {'?'};

          @Override
          protected char[] escapeUnsafe(int c) {
            return unknown;
          }
        };
    EscaperAsserts.assertBasic(replacingEscaper);

    // Replacements are applied first regardless of whether the character is in
    // the safe range or not ('&' is a safe char while '\t' and '\n' are not).
    assertEquals(

   * the given character set. Malformed input and unmappable characters will be replaced.
   *
   * @param reader input source
   * @param charset character set used for encoding chars to bytes
   * @param bufferSize size of internal input and output buffers
   * @throws IllegalArgumentException if bufferSize is non-positive
   */
  ReaderInputStream(Reader reader, Charset charset, int bufferSize) {

            + "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ"
            + "1234567890";
    assertEquals(s, xmlEscaper.escape(s));

    // Test ASCII control characters.
    for (char ch = 0; ch < 0x20; ch++) {
      if (ch == '\t' || ch == '\n' || ch == '\r') {
        // Only these whitespace chars are permitted in XML,
        if (shouldEscapeWhitespaceChars) {
          assertEscaping(xmlEscaper, "&#x" + Integer.toHexString(ch).toUpperCase() + ";", ch);

    int i = 0;

    // This loop optimizes for pure ASCII.
    while (i < utf16Length && sequence.charAt(i) < 0x80) {
      i++;
    }

    // This loop optimizes for chars less than 0x800.
    for (; i < utf16Length; i++) {
      char c = sequence.charAt(i);
      if (c < 0x800) {
        utf8Length += ((0x7f - c) >>> 31); // branch free!
      } else {
        utf8Length += encodedLengthGeneral(sequence, i);

  }

  static CharMatcher from(BitSet chars, String description) {
    // Compute the filter.
    long filter = 0;
    int size = chars.cardinality();
    boolean containsZero = chars.get(0);
    // Compute the hash table.
    char[] table = new char[chooseTableSize(size)];
    int mask = table.length - 1;
    for (int c = chars.nextSetBit(0); c != -1; c = chars.nextSetBit(c + 1)) {