iptables -t mangle -A ISTIO_PRERT -p tcp -m tcp --dport 15008 -m mark ! --mark 0x539/0xfff -j TPROXY --on-port 15008 --tproxy-mark 0x111/0xfff
iptables -t mangle -A ISTIO_PRERT -p tcp -m conntrack --ctstate RELATED,ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT
iptables -t mangle -A ISTIO_PRERT ! -d 127.0.0.1/32 -p tcp -m mark ! --mark 0x539/0xfff -j TPROXY --on-port 15006 --tproxy-mark 0x111/0xfff

iptables -t mangle -A ISTIO_PRERT ! -d 127.0.0.1/32 -p tcp -m mark ! --mark 0x539/0xfff -j TPROXY --on-port 15006 --tproxy-mark 0x111/0xfff
iptables -t mangle -A ISTIO_OUTPUT -m connmark --mark 0x111/0xfff -j CONNMARK --restore-mark --nfmask 0xffffffff --ctmask 0xffffffff
iptables -t nat -A ISTIO_OUTPUT ! -o lo -p udp -m udp --dport 53 -j REDIRECT --to-port 15053
iptables -t nat -A ISTIO_OUTPUT -p tcp -m mark --mark 0x111/0xfff -j ACCEPT

	if cfg.EnableIPv6 {
		families = append(families, unix.AF_INET6)
	}
	for _, family := range families {
		// Equiv:
		// ip rule add fwmark 0x111/0xfff pref 32764 lookup 100
		//
		// Adds in-pod rules for marking packets with the istio-specific TPROXY mark.
		// A very similar mechanism is used for sidecar TPROXY.
		//
		// TODO largely identical/copied from tools/istio-iptables/pkg/capture/run_linux.go

	// CLI: -A ISTIO_PRERT -m mark --mark 0x539/0xfff -j CONNMARK --set-xmark 0x111/0xfff
	//
	// DESC: If we have a packet mark, set a connmark.
	iptablesBuilder.AppendRule(iptableslog.UndefinedCommand, ChainInpodPrerouting, iptablesconstants.MANGLE, "-m", "mark",
		"--mark", inpodMark,
		"-j", "CONNMARK",
		"--set-xmark", inpodTproxyMark)

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-A PREROUTING -p tcp -m mark --mark 1337 -j CONNMARK --save-mark
-A OUTPUT -p tcp -o lo -m mark --mark 1337 -j RETURN
-A OUTPUT ! -d 127.0.0.1/32 -p tcp -o lo -m owner --uid-owner 1337 -j MARK --set-mark 1338
-A OUTPUT ! -d 127.0.0.1/32 -p tcp -o lo -m owner --gid-owner 1337 -j MARK --set-mark 1338
-A OUTPUT -p tcp -m connmark --mark 1337 -j CONNMARK --restore-mark
-I ISTIO_INBOUND 1 -p tcp -m mark --mark 1337 -j RETURN

import sys

import pytest
from fastapi._compat import PYDANTIC_V2

needs_py39 = pytest.mark.skipif(sys.version_info < (3, 9), reason="requires python3.9+")
needs_py310 = pytest.mark.skipif(
    sys.version_info < (3, 10), reason="requires python3.10+"
)
needs_pydanticv2 = pytest.mark.skipif(not PYDANTIC_V2, reason="requires Pydantic v2")

-A PREROUTING -p tcp -m mark --mark 1337 -j CONNMARK --save-mark
-A OUTPUT -p tcp -o lo -m mark --mark 1337 -j RETURN
-A OUTPUT ! -d 127.0.0.1/32 -p tcp -o lo -m owner --uid-owner 1000670000 -j MARK --set-mark 1338
-A OUTPUT ! -d 127.0.0.1/32 -p tcp -o lo -m owner --gid-owner 1000670001 -j MARK --set-mark 1338
-A OUTPUT -p tcp -m connmark --mark 1337 -j CONNMARK --restore-mark
-I ISTIO_INBOUND 1 -p tcp -m mark --mark 1337 -j RETURN

    assertEquals(string, readFully(reader));
    assertFullyRead(reader);

    // reset, skip, mark, then read the rest
    reader.reset();
    assertEquals(5, reader.skip(5));
    reader.mark(Integer.MAX_VALUE);
    assertEquals(string.substring(5), readFully(reader));
    assertFullyRead(reader);

    // reset to the mark and then read the rest
    reader.reset();
    assertEquals(string.substring(5), readFully(reader));

    return true;
  }

  @Override
  public synchronized void mark(int readAheadLimit) throws IOException {
    checkArgument(readAheadLimit >= 0, "readAheadLimit (%s) may not be negative", readAheadLimit);
    checkOpen();
    mark = pos;
  }

  @Override
  public synchronized void reset() throws IOException {
    checkOpen();
    pos = mark;
  }

  @Override