"content": {
                            "application/json": {



...
```

#### What is OpenAPI for

The OpenAPI schema is what powers the two interactive documentation systems included.

And there are dozens of alternatives, all based on OpenAPI. You could easily add any of those alternatives to your application built with **FastAPI**.

            unauthorized_headers = {"WWW-Authenticate": f'Basic realm="{self.realm}"'}
        else:
            unauthorized_headers = {"WWW-Authenticate": "Basic"}
        if not authorization or scheme.lower() != "basic":
            if self.auto_error:
                raise HTTPException(
                    status_code=HTTP_401_UNAUTHORIZED,
                    detail="Not authenticated",

    operation_id = f"{operation_id}_{method.lower()}"
    return operation_id


def generate_unique_id(route: "APIRoute") -> str:
    operation_id = f"{route.name}{route.path_format}"
    operation_id = re.sub(r"\W", "_", operation_id)
    assert route.methods
    operation_id = f"{operation_id}_{list(route.methods)[0].lower()}"
    return operation_id

It was deprecated from Starlette, but if you have code that used it, you can easily **migrate** to <a href="https://github.com/ciscorn/starlette-graphene3" class="external-link" target="_blank">starlette-graphene3</a>, that covers the same use case and has an **almost identical interface**.

!!! tip

    Keep in mind that dataclasses can't do everything Pydantic models can do.

    So, you might still need to use Pydantic models.

    But if you have a bunch of dataclasses laying around, this is a nice trick to use them to power a web API using FastAPI. 🤓

## Dataclasses in `response_model`

You can also use `dataclasses` in the `response_model` parameter:

```Python hl_lines="1  7-13  19"
{!../../../docs_src/dataclasses/tutorial002.py!}

        authorization = request.headers.get("Authorization")
        scheme, param = get_authorization_scheme_param(authorization)
        if not authorization or scheme.lower() != "bearer":
            if self.auto_error:
                raise HTTPException(
                    status_code=HTTP_401_UNAUTHORIZED,
                    detail="Not authenticated",

> Modern versions of Python have support for **"asynchronous code"** using something called **"coroutines"**, with **`async` and `await`** syntax.

That should make more sense now. ✨

All that is what powers FastAPI (through Starlette) and what makes it have such an impressive performance.

## Very Technical Details

!!! warning
    You can probably skip this.

powens.png...

又例如，一个对象`orion_cat`（`Pet`的一个实例）可以有一个属性`orion_cat.type`, 对标数据库中的`type`列。并且该属性的值可以是其它，例如`"cat"`。

这些 ORM 还具有在表或实体之间建立关系的工具（比如创建多表关系）。

这样，您还可以拥有一个属性`orion_cat.owner`，它包含该宠物所有者的数据，这些数据取自另外一个表。

因此，`orion_cat.owner.name`可能是该宠物主人的姓名（来自表`owners`中的列`name`）。

它可能有一个像`"Arquilian"`(一种业务逻辑)。

当您尝试从您的宠物对象访问它时，ORM 将完成所有工作以从相应的表*所有者那里再获取信息。*

常见的 ORM 例如：Django-ORM（Django 框架的一部分）、SQLAlchemy ORM（SQLAlchemy 的一部分，独立于框架）和 Peewee（独立于框架）等。

!!! tip
    This will just make Peewee behave correctly when used with FastAPI. Not randomly opening or closing connections that are being used, creating errors, etc.

    But it doesn't give Peewee async super-powers. You should still use normal `def` functions and not `async def`.

### Use the custom `PeeweeConnectionState` class