* example involving two locks and two threads, deadlock occurs when one thread acquires Lock A, and
 * then Lock B, while another thread acquires Lock B, and then Lock A:
 *
 * <pre>
 * Thread1: acquire(LockA) --X acquire(LockB)
 * Thread2: acquire(LockB) --X acquire(LockA)
 * </pre>
 *
 * <p>Neither thread will progress because each is waiting for the other. In more complex

    start();
  }

  // Thread.stop() is okay because all threads started by a test are dying at the end of the test,
  // so there is no object state put at risk by stopping the threads abruptly. In some cases a test
  // may put a thread into an uninterruptible operation intentionally, so there is no other way to
  // clean up these threads.
  @SuppressWarnings("deprecation")
  @Override

   * state: BLOCKED, WAITING, or TIMED_WAITING.
   */
  void waitForThreadToEnterWaitState(Thread thread, long timeoutMillis) {
    long startTime = System.nanoTime();
    for (; ; ) {
      Thread.State s = thread.getState();
      if (s == Thread.State.BLOCKED || s == Thread.State.WAITING || s == Thread.State.TIMED_WAITING)
        return;

   *
   * <p>On the other hand, if a signalled thread wakes up to discover that its guard is still not
   * satisfied, it does *not* need to call this method before returning to wait. This can only
   * happen due to spurious wakeup (ignorable) or another thread acquiring the lock before the
   * current thread can and returning the guard to the unsatisfied state. In the latter case the

    List<Thread> threads = new ArrayList<>(numThreads);
    final List<Throwable> exceptions = new ArrayList<>(numThreads);
    for (int i = 0; i < numThreads; i++) {
      Thread thread = new Thread(task);
      thread.setUncaughtExceptionHandler(
          new UncaughtExceptionHandler() {
            @Override
            public void uncaughtException(Thread t, Throwable e) {

        prev = x;
      }
    }
  }

  /** compareAndSet in one thread enables another waiting for value to succeed */
  public void testCompareAndSetInMultipleThreads() throws InterruptedException {
    final AtomicDoubleArray a = new AtomicDoubleArray(1);
    a.set(0, 1.0);
    Thread t =
        newStartedThread(
            new CheckedRunnable() {
              public void realRun() {

        prev = x;
      }
    }
  }

  /** compareAndSet in one thread enables another waiting for value to succeed */
  public void testCompareAndSetInMultipleThreads() throws InterruptedException {
    final AtomicDoubleArray a = new AtomicDoubleArray(1);
    a.set(0, 1.0);
    Thread t =
        newStartedThread(
            new CheckedRunnable() {
              @Override

    }

    public void execute() {
      RunnableExecutorPair stack;
      do {
        stack = head;
        if (stack == null) {
          // If head == null then execute() has been called so we should just return
          return;
        }
        // try to swap null into head.
      } while (!UNSAFE.compareAndSwapObject(this, HEAD_OFFSET, stack, null));

        directExecutor());
    service.startAsync().awaitRunning();

    Thread thread =
        new Thread() {
          @Override
          public void run() {
            service.stopAsync().awaitTerminated();
          }
        };
    thread.start();
    thread.join(LONG_TIMEOUT_MILLIS);
    assertFalse(thread + " is deadlocked", thread.isAlive());
  }

  @GuardedBy("queue")
  private WorkerRunningState workerRunningState = IDLE;

  /**
   * This counter prevents an ABA issue where a thread may successfully schedule the worker, the
   * worker runs and exhausts the queue, another thread enqueues a task and fails to schedule the
   * worker, and then the first thread's call to delegate.execute() returns. Without this counter,