if limit.Offset > 0 {
		if limit.Limit != nil && *limit.Limit >= 0 {
			builder.WriteByte(' ')
		}
		builder.WriteString("OFFSET ")
		builder.AddVar(builder, limit.Offset)
	}
}

// MergeClause merge order by clauses
func (limit Limit) MergeClause(clause *Clause) {
	clause.Name = ""

	if v, ok := clause.Expression.(Limit); ok {
		if (limit.Limit == nil || *limit.Limit == 0) && v.Limit != nil {
			limit.Limit = v.Limit
		}

			"row":    {db: db},
			"raw":    {db: db},
		},
	}
}

// callbacks gorm callbacks manager
type callbacks struct {
	processors map[string]*processor
}

type processor struct {
	db        *DB
	Clauses   []string
	fns       []func(*DB)
	callbacks []*callback
}

type callback struct {
	name      string
	before    string
	after     string
	remove    bool
	replace   bool
	match     func(*DB) bool

		Mobile: "on-conflict-user-mobile",
	}
	err = DB.Create(&u).Error
	AssertEqual(t, err, nil)

	u.Name = "on-conflict-user-name-2"
	u.Email = "on-conflict-user-email-2"
	u.Mobile = ""
	err = DB.Clauses(clause.OnConflict{UpdateAll: true}).Create(&u).Error
	AssertEqual(t, err, nil)

	var u2 OnConflictUser
	err = DB.Where("id = ?", u.ID).First(&u2).Error
	AssertEqual(t, err, nil)

	tx = db.getInstance()
	tx.Statement.Model = value
	return
}

// Clauses Add clauses
//
// This supports both standard clauses (clause.OrderBy, clause.Limit, clause.Where) and more
// advanced techniques like specifying lock strength and optimizer hints. See the
// [docs] for more depth.
//
//	// add a simple limit clause
//	db.Clauses(clause.Limit{Limit: 1}).Find(&User{})

							}

							{
								onStmt := gorm.Statement{Table: tableAliasName, DB: db, Clauses: map[string]clause.Clause{}}
								for _, c := range relation.FieldSchema.QueryClauses {
									onStmt.AddClause(c)
								}

								if join.On != nil {
									onStmt.AddClause(join.On)
								}

								if cs, ok := onStmt.Clauses["WHERE"]; ok {
									if where, ok := cs.Expression.(clause.Where); ok {

		builder.WriteString(" OF ")
		builder.WriteQuoted(locking.Table)
	}

	if locking.Options != "" {
		builder.WriteByte(' ')
		builder.WriteString(locking.Options)
	}
}

// MergeClause merge order by clauses
func (locking Locking) MergeClause(clause *Clause) {
	clause.Expression = locking

	Get() interface{}
	Put(interface{})
}

// CreateClausesInterface create clauses interface
type CreateClausesInterface interface {
	CreateClauses(*Field) []clause.Interface
}

// QueryClausesInterface query clauses interface
type QueryClausesInterface interface {
	QueryClauses(*Field) []clause.Interface
}

// UpdateClausesInterface update clauses interface
type UpdateClausesInterface interface {

	}

	if orderByClause, ok := db.Statement.Clauses["ORDER BY"]; ok {
		if _, ok := db.Statement.Clauses["GROUP BY"]; !ok {
			delete(tx.Statement.Clauses, "ORDER BY")
			defer func() {
				tx.Statement.Clauses["ORDER BY"] = orderByClause
			}()
		}
	}

	tx.Statement.Dest = count
	tx = tx.callbacks.Query().Execute(tx)

	if _, ok := db.Statement.Clauses["GROUP BY"]; ok || tx.RowsAffected != 1 {

package clause_test

import (
	"fmt"
	"testing"

	"gorm.io/gorm/clause"
)

func TestLimit(t *testing.T) {
	limit0 := 0
	limit10 := 10
	limit50 := 50
	limitNeg10 := -10
	results := []struct {
		Clauses []clause.Interface
		Result  string
		Vars    []interface{}
	}{
		{
			[]clause.Interface{clause.Select{}, clause.From{}, clause.Limit{
				Limit:  &limit10,
				Offset: 20,
			}},

				for _, c := range db.Statement.Schema.CreateClauses {
					db.Statement.AddClause(c)
				}
			}

			if supportReturning && len(db.Statement.Schema.FieldsWithDefaultDBValue) > 0 {
				if _, ok := db.Statement.Clauses["RETURNING"]; !ok {
					fromColumns := make([]clause.Column, 0, len(db.Statement.Schema.FieldsWithDefaultDBValue))
					for _, field := range db.Statement.Schema.FieldsWithDefaultDBValue {