return Mask(m.Mask())
}

// Contains returns whether *all* flags in other is present in t.
func (t Mask) Contains(other Mask) bool {
	return t&other == other
}

// Overlaps returns whether *any* flags in t overlaps with other.
func (t Mask) Overlaps(other Mask) bool {
	return t&other != 0
}

// SingleType returns whether t has a single type set.
func (t Mask) SingleType() bool {
	return bits.OnesCount64(uint64(t)) == 1
}

     */
    boolean shouldForceSigning ();


    /**
     * @param other
     * @return whether the paths share a common root
     * @throws CIFSException
     */
    boolean overlaps ( SmbResourceLocator other ) throws CIFSException;


    /**
     * Internal: for testing only
     * 
     * @param dr
     * @param reqPath
     * @return resolved unc path
     */

 * </p>
 * <strong>NOTE:</strong> This class is not part of any public api and can be changed or deleted without prior notice.
 *
 * @since 3.0
 */
// TODO Kristian wonders if this class really is necessary and if it overlaps other concepts.
public final class ProjectIndex {

    private final Map<String, MavenProject> projects;

    private final Map<String, Integer> indices;

    public ProjectIndex(List<MavenProject> projects) {

// and 0 will be returned if nobody is subscribed for the type(s).
func (ps *PubSub[T, M]) NumSubscribers(mask M) int32 {
	types := Mask(atomic.LoadUint64(&ps.types))
	if !types.Overlaps(Mask(mask.Mask())) {
		return 0
	}
	return atomic.LoadInt32(&ps.numSubscribers)
}

// Subscribers returns the number of current subscribers for all types.
func (ps *PubSub[T, M]) Subscribers() int32 {

Also, the best approach was to use already existing standards.

So, before even starting to code **FastAPI**, I spent several months studying the specs for OpenAPI, JSON Schema, OAuth2, etc. Understanding their relationship, overlap, and differences.

## Design

Then I spent some time designing the developer "API" I wanted to have as a user (as a developer using FastAPI).

    validations:
      required: true

  - type: textarea
    id: orthogonality
    attributes:
      label: "Orthogonality: How does this change interact or overlap with existing features?"
      description: "Is the goal of this change a performance improvement? If so, what quantifiable improvement should we expect? How would we measure it?"
    validations:
      required: false

	}
	// Mask matches maskString, should get result
	if err := ps.Subscribe(Mask(1|2), ch2, doneCh, func(entry Maskable) bool { return true }); err != nil {
		t.Fatalf("unexpected error: %v", err)
	}
	// Does NOT overlap maskString
	if err := ps.Subscribe(Mask(2), ch3, doneCh, func(entry Maskable) bool { return true }); err != nil {
		t.Fatalf("unexpected error: %v", err)
	}
	val := maskString("hello")
	ps.Publish(val)

      TYPE_PRIORITY, TYPE_RST_STREAM, TYPE_GOAWAY, TYPE_WINDOW_UPDATE -> return BINARY[flags]
    }
    val result = if (flags < FLAGS.size) FLAGS[flags]!! else BINARY[flags]
    // Special case types that have overlap flag values.
    return when {
      type == TYPE_PUSH_PROMISE && flags and FLAG_END_PUSH_PROMISE != 0 -> {
        result.replace("HEADERS", "PUSH_PROMISE") // TODO: Avoid allocation.
      }

 *
 * Mappings Data (4,719 bytes)
 * ===========================
 *
 * This is UTF-8 character data. It is indexed into by b2b3 in the ranges dataset.
 *
 * Mappings may overlap.
 *
 * ASCII-Only
 * ==========
 *
 * Neither the section index nor the ranges data use bit 0x80 anywhere. That means the data is