pop_backward_tape.release()();

  std::vector<int64_t> targets;
  std::vector<Gradient*> used_in_grads;
  // We may end up with slightly fewer elements than we reserve, but grad.size()
  // should be a reasonably tight upper bound.
  targets.reserve(grad.size());
  used_in_grads.reserve(grad.size());
  std::unordered_map<int64_t, TapeTensor> sources_that_are_targets;