ToOptionalState combine(ToOptionalState other) {
      if (element == null) {
        return other;
      } else if (other.element == null) {
        return this;
      } else {
        if (extras.isEmpty()) {
          // Replace immutable empty list with mutable list.
          extras = new ArrayList<>();
        }
        extras.add(other.element);
        extras.addAll(other.extras);

   * Returns a new range set consisting of the union of this range set and {@code other}.
   *
   * <p>This is essentially the same as {@code TreeRangeSet.create(this).addAll(other)} except it
   * returns an {@code ImmutableRangeSet}.
   *
   * @since 21.0
   */
  public ImmutableRangeSet<C> union(RangeSet<C> other) {
    return unionOf(Iterables.concat(asRanges(), other.asRanges()));
  }

  /**

      other commercial damages or losses), even if such Contributor
      has been advised of the possibility of such damages.

   9. Accepting Warranty or Additional Liability. While redistributing
      the Work or Derivative Works thereof, You may choose to offer,
      and charge a fee for, acceptance of support, warranty, indemnity,
      or other liability obligations and/or rights consistent with this

      other commercial damages or losses), even if such Contributor
      has been advised of the possibility of such damages.

   9. Accepting Warranty or Additional Liability. While redistributing
      the Work or Derivative Works thereof, You may choose to offer,
      and charge a fee for, acceptance of support, warranty, indemnity,
      or other liability obligations and/or rights consistent with this

      }
      if (object instanceof MapDifference) {
        MapDifference<?, ?> other = (MapDifference<?, ?>) object;
        return entriesOnlyOnLeft().equals(other.entriesOnlyOnLeft())
            && entriesOnlyOnRight().equals(other.entriesOnlyOnRight())
            && entriesInCommon().equals(other.entriesInCommon())
            && entriesDiffering().equals(other.entriesDiffering());
      }
      return false;
    }

    @Override

In the next chapters, I'll give you more **concrete recipes** to deploy FastAPI applications.

But for now, let's check these important **conceptual ideas**. These concepts also apply to any other type of web API. 💡

## Security - HTTPS

In the [previous chapter about HTTPS](https.md){.internal-link target=_blank} we learned about how HTTPS provides encryption for your API.

   * predicate. The returned multimap is a live view of {@code unfiltered}; changes to one affect
   * the other.
   *
   * <p>The resulting multimap's views have iterators that don't support {@code remove()}, but all
   * other methods are supported by the multimap and its views. When adding a key that doesn't
   * satisfy the predicate, the multimap's {@code put()}, {@code putAll()}, and {@code

    Builder<E> combine(Builder<E> other) {
      if (hashTable != null) {
        for (int i = 0; i < other.size; ++i) {
          // requireNonNull is safe because the first `size` elements are non-null.
          add((E) requireNonNull(other.contents[i]));
        }
      } else {
        addAll(other.contents, other.size);
      }
      return this;
    }

    /**

Or you might have a native mobile application that communicates with your WebSocket backend directly, in native code.

Or you might have any other way to communicate with the WebSocket endpoint.

---

But for this example, we'll use a very simple HTML document with some JavaScript, all inside a long string.

### Design details

Broadly, `istio-cni` accomplishes ambient redirection by instructing ztunnel to set up sockets within the application pod network namespace, where:

- one end of the socket is in the application pod
- and the other end is in ztunnel's pod

and setting up iptables rules to funnel traffic thru that socket "tube" to ztunnel and back.