// allows code like "tf.constant(1.)" or "tf.reduce_sum(..., axis=1)"
        // (where the value starts on the host), without allowing other implicit
        // copies/broadcasts. Other implicit copies may be supported eventually,
        // but need special handling for gradients (gradient of copy-on is not
        // just copy-off but includes a sum) and consideration of performance.

  }

 private:
  bool first_call_ = true;
};

// After the graph pass is registered, it takes effect globally and can affect
// other test cases. Define a static variable to switch it on and off.
bool GraphErrorInjectionPass::enabled_ = false;

// Test to ensure that a registered graph optimization pass is only executed