from dataclasses import field  # (1)
from typing import List, Union

from fastapi import FastAPI
from pydantic.dataclasses import dataclass  # (2)


@dataclass
class Item:
    name: str
    description: Union[str, None] = None


@dataclass
class Author:
    name: str
    items: List[Item] = field(default_factory=list)  # (3)


app = FastAPI()

    @app.post("/items/")
    def create_item(item: Item):
        return item

    @app.post("/items-list/")
    def create_item_list(item: List[Item]):
        return item

    @app.get("/items/")
    def read_items() -> List[Item]:
        return [
            Item(
                name="Portal Gun",
                description="Device to travel through the multi-rick-verse",

    In diesem Fall ist `str` der Typ-Parameter, der an `List` übergeben wird (oder `list` in Python 3.9 und darüber).

Das bedeutet: Die Variable `items` ist eine Liste – `list` – und jedes der Elemente in dieser Liste ist ein String – `str`.

!!! tip "Tipp"

    return ",".join(map(str, sorted(query)))


@app.get("/query/list")
def get_query_list(device_ids: List[int] = Query()) -> List[int]:
    return device_ids


@app.get("/query/list-default")
def get_query_list_default(device_ids: List[int] = Query(default=[])) -> List[int]:

def get_fields_from_routes(
    routes: Sequence[BaseRoute],
) -> List[ModelField]:
    body_fields_from_routes: List[ModelField] = []
    responses_from_routes: List[ModelField] = []
    request_fields_from_routes: List[ModelField] = []
    callback_flat_models: List[ModelField] = []
    for route in routes:
        if getattr(route, "include_in_schema", None) and isinstance(

from typing import List

import pytest
from fastapi import FastAPI
from fastapi.exceptions import FastAPIError


class NonPydanticModel:
    pass


def test_invalid_response_model_raises():
    with pytest.raises(FastAPIError):
        app = FastAPI()

        @app.get("/", response_model=NonPydanticModel)
        def read_root():
            pass  # pragma: nocover


def test_invalid_response_model_sub_type_raises():

from typing import List

from fastapi import FastAPI, File, UploadFile
from fastapi.responses import HTMLResponse

app = FastAPI()


@app.post("/files/")
async def create_files(files: List[bytes] = File()):
    return {"file_sizes": [len(file) for file in files]}


@app.post("/uploadfiles/")
async def create_upload_files(files: List[UploadFile]):
    return {"filenames": [file.filename for file in files]}


@app.get("/")

from typing import List

from fastapi import FastAPI, File, UploadFile
from fastapi.responses import HTMLResponse
from typing_extensions import Annotated

app = FastAPI()


@app.post("/files/")
async def create_files(
    files: Annotated[List[bytes], File(description="Multiple files as bytes")],
):
    return {"file_sizes": [len(file) for file in files]}


@app.post("/uploadfiles/")
async def create_upload_files(

from typing import List

from fastapi import FastAPI
from fastapi.testclient import TestClient
from pydantic import BaseModel

app = FastAPI()


class UserBase(BaseModel):
    email: str


class UserCreate(UserBase):
    password: str


class UserDB(UserBase):
    hashed_password: str


class PetDB(BaseModel):
    name: str
    owner: UserDB


class PetOut(BaseModel):
    name: str

"dict", "list", "set" ve "tuple" gibi diğer değerleri içerebilen bazı veri yapıları vardır. Ve dahili değerlerinin de tip belirtecleri olabilir.

Bu tipleri ve dahili tpileri bildirmek için standart Python modülünü "typing" kullanabilirsiniz.

Bu tür tip belirteçlerini desteklemek için özel olarak mevcuttur.

#### `List`

Örneğin `str` değerlerden oluşan bir `list` tanımlayalım.