* <p>Rate limiters are often used to restrict the rate at which some physical or logical resource
 * is accessed. This is in contrast to {@link java.util.concurrent.Semaphore} which restricts the
 * number of concurrent accesses instead of the rate (note though that concurrency and rate are
 * closely related, e.g. see <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Little%27s_law">Little's
 * Law</a>).
 *

   * we change the rate.
   */
  public void testWeNeverGetABurstMoreThanOneSec() {
    RateLimiter limiter = RateLimiter.create(1.0, stopwatch);
    int[] rates = {1000, 1, 10, 1000000, 10, 1};
    for (int rate : rates) {
      int oneSecWorthOfWork = rate;
      stopwatch.sleepMillis(rate * 1000);
      limiter.setRate(rate);

        public String toString() {
          throw new AssertionFailedError();
        }
      };

  private static final String FORMAT = "I ate %s pies.";

  private static void checkMessage(Exception e) {
    assertThat(e).hasMessageThat().isEqualTo("I ate 5 pies.");
  }

   * out.
   */
  long timeoutMillis() {
    return SHORT_DELAY_MS / 4;
  }

  /** Returns a new Date instance representing a time delayMillis milliseconds in the future. */
  Date delayedDate(long delayMillis) {
    return new Date(System.currentTimeMillis() + delayMillis);
  }

  /** The first exception encountered if any threadAssertXXX method fails. */

  final Policy policy;

  private CycleDetectingLockFactory(Policy policy) {
    this.policy = checkNotNull(policy);
  }

  /**
   * Tracks the currently acquired locks for each Thread, kept up to date by calls to {@link
   * #aboutToAcquire(CycleDetectingLock)} and {@link #lockStateChanged(CycleDetectingLock)}.
   */
  // This is logically a Set, but an ArrayList is used to minimize the amount

   * we change the rate.
   */
  public void testWeNeverGetABurstMoreThanOneSec() {
    RateLimiter limiter = RateLimiter.create(1.0, stopwatch);
    int[] rates = {1000, 1, 10, 1000000, 10, 1};
    for (int rate : rates) {
      int oneSecWorthOfWork = rate;
      stopwatch.sleepMillis(rate * 1000);
      limiter.setRate(rate);

      return "A message";
    }
  }

  private static final String FORMAT = "I ate %s pies.";

  private static void verifySimpleMessage(Exception e) {
    assertThat(e).hasMessageThat().isEqualTo("A message");
  }

  private static void verifyComplexMessage(Exception e) {
    assertThat(e).hasMessageThat().isEqualTo("I ate 5 pies.");
  }

 * into a {@code String} using surrogate pairs</a>, and a {@code CharMatcher} treats these just as
 * two separate characters. {@link #countIn} counts each supplementary character as 2 {@code char}s.
 *
 * <p>For up-to-date Unicode character properties (digit, letter, etc.) and support for
 * supplementary code points, use ICU4J UCharacter and UnicodeSet (freeze() after building). For

    Closer closer = Closer.create();
    try {
      InputStream in = closer.register(openStream());
      return countBySkipping(in);
    } catch (IOException e) {
      // skip may not be supported... at any rate, try reading
    } finally {
      closer.close();
    }

    closer = Closer.create();
    try {
      InputStream in = closer.register(openStream());
      return ByteStreams.exhaust(in);

   *
   * The Least Recently Used page replacement algorithm was chosen due to its simplicity, high hit
   * rate, and ability to be implemented with O(1) time complexity. The initial LRU implementation
   * operates per-segment rather than globally for increased implementation simplicity. We expect
   * the cache hit rate to be similar to that of a global LRU algorithm.
   */

  // Constants

  /**