*/
  private E extract() {
    final E[] items = this.items;
    E x = items[takeIndex];
    items[takeIndex] = null;
    takeIndex = inc(takeIndex);
    --count;
    return x;
  }

  /**
   * Utility for remove and iterator.remove: Delete item at position i. Call only when occupying
   * monitor.
   */
  void removeAt(int i) {
    final E[] items = this.items;
    // if removing front item, just advance

* look for the subpackage `routers` (the directory at `app/routers/`)...
* and from it, import the submodule `items` (the file at `app/routers/items.py`) and `users` (the file at `app/routers/users.py`)...

The module `items` will have a variable `router` (`items.router`). This is the same one we created in the file `app/routers/items.py`, it's an `APIRouter` object.

And then we do the same for the module `users`.

    app = FastAPI(separate_input_output_schemas=separate_input_output_schemas)

    @app.post("/items/")
    def create_item(item: Item):
        return item

    @app.post("/items-list/")
    def create_item_list(item: List[Item]):
        return item

    @app.get("/items/")
    def read_items() -> List[Item]:
        return [
            Item(
                name="Portal Gun",

## 其他使用 `APIRouter` 的模块

假设你在位于 `app/routers/items.py` 的模块中还有专门用于处理应用程序中「项目」的端点。

你具有以下*路径操作*：

* `/items/`
* `/items/{item_id}`

这和 `app/routers/users.py` 的结构完全相同。

但是我们想变得更聪明并简化一些代码。

我们知道此模块中的所有*路径操作*都有相同的：

* 路径 `prefix`：`/items`。
* `tags`：（仅有一个 `items` 标签）。
* 额外的 `responses`。
* `dependencies`：它们都需要我们创建的 `X-Token` 依赖项。

        "openapi": "3.1.0",
        "info": {"title": "FastAPI", "version": "0.1.0"},
        "paths": {
            "/authors/{author_id}/items/": {
                "post": {
                    "summary": "Create Author Items",
                    "operationId": "create_author_items_authors__author_id__items__post",
                    "parameters": [
                        {
                            "required": True,

def test_get_items_1():
    """Check that /items returns expected data"""
    response = client.get("/items")
    assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
    assert response.json() == [
        {"item_id": "i1", "user_id": "u1"},
        {"item_id": "i2", "user_id": "u2"},
    ]


def test_get_items_2():
    """Check that /items returns expected data with user_id specified"""

                                    "schema": {
                                        "title": "Response Read Items Items  Get",
                                        "type": "array",
                                        "items": {"$ref": "#/components/schemas/Item"},
                                    }
                                }
                            },
                        },

   */
  private E extract() {
    final E[] items = this.items;
    E x = items[takeIndex];
    items[takeIndex] = null;
    takeIndex = inc(takeIndex);
    --count;
    return x;
  }

  /**
   * Utility for remove and iterator.remove: Delete item at position i. Call only when occupying
   * monitor.
   */
  void removeAt(int i) {
    final E[] items = this.items;
    // if removing front item, just advance

    user_data = response.json()
    item_to_check = [it for it in user_data["items"] if it["id"] == item_data["id"]][0]
    assert item_to_check["title"] == item["title"]
    assert item_to_check["description"] == item["description"]


# TODO: pv2 add Pydantic v2 version
@needs_pydanticv1
def test_read_items(client):
    response = client.get("/items/")
    assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
    data = response.json()

    name: str
    price: Optional[float] = None


@app.api_route("/items/{item_id}", methods=["GET"])
def get_items(item_id: str):
    return {"item_id": item_id}


def get_not_decorated(item_id: str):
    return {"item_id": item_id}


app.add_api_route("/items-not-decorated/{item_id}", get_not_decorated)


@app.delete("/items/{item_id}")
def delete_item(item_id: str, item: Item):