// be an empty string if no device was explicitly requested, but will
  // otherwise be the name of this custom device. Ops are placed onto a custom
  // device if any of their inputs are on that custom device, but custom devices
  // are free to set a bad status in order to require explicit placement.
  void (*execute)(const TFE_Op* op, int* num_outputs,

};

// If `persistent_tape` is true, op_tape is not changed and none of the
// backwards functions are deleted.
// If `persistent_tape` is false, op_tape is cleared and backwards functions
// not needed for gradient computation are deleted. Backwards functions that
// are needed, are copied and returned in BackpropInitialState.
template <typename BackwardFunction, typename TapeTensor>