from typing import List, Union

from fastapi import FastAPI, UploadFile
from fastapi._compat import (
    ModelField,
    Undefined,
    _get_model_config,
    is_bytes_sequence_annotation,
    is_uploadfile_sequence_annotation,
)
from fastapi.testclient import TestClient
from pydantic import BaseConfig, BaseModel, ConfigDict
from pydantic.fields import FieldInfo

from .utils import needs_pydanticv1, needs_pydanticv2

import binascii
from base64 import b64decode
from typing import Optional

from fastapi.exceptions import HTTPException
from fastapi.openapi.models import HTTPBase as HTTPBaseModel
from fastapi.openapi.models import HTTPBearer as HTTPBearerModel
from fastapi.security.base import SecurityBase
from fastapi.security.utils import get_authorization_scheme_param
from pydantic import BaseModel
from starlette.requests import Request

### What is "Mounting"

"Mounting" means adding a complete "independent" application in a specific path, that then takes care of handling all the sub-paths.

This is different from using an `APIRouter` as a mounted application is completely independent. The OpenAPI and docs from your main application won't include anything from the mounted application, etc.

from typing import Any, Dict, List, Optional, Union, cast

from fastapi.exceptions import HTTPException
from fastapi.openapi.models import OAuth2 as OAuth2Model
from fastapi.openapi.models import OAuthFlows as OAuthFlowsModel
from fastapi.param_functions import Form
from fastapi.security.base import SecurityBase
from fastapi.security.utils import get_authorization_scheme_param
from starlette.requests import Request

from datetime import datetime, timedelta, timezone
from typing import Union

from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI, HTTPException, status
from fastapi.security import OAuth2PasswordBearer, OAuth2PasswordRequestForm
from jose import JWTError, jwt
from passlib.context import CryptContext
from pydantic import BaseModel
from typing_extensions import Annotated

# to get a string like this run:
# openssl rand -hex 32

from functools import lru_cache

from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI
from typing_extensions import Annotated

from . import config

app = FastAPI()


@lru_cache
def get_settings():
    return config.Settings()


@app.get("/info")
async def info(settings: Annotated[config.Settings, Depends(get_settings)]):
    return {
        "app_name": settings.app_name,
        "admin_email": settings.admin_email,

from fastapi import FastAPI, Request
from fastapi.responses import HTMLResponse
from fastapi.staticfiles import StaticFiles
from fastapi.templating import Jinja2Templates

app = FastAPI()

app.mount("/static", StaticFiles(directory="static"), name="static")


templates = Jinja2Templates(directory="templates")


@app.get("/items/{id}", response_class=HTMLResponse)
async def read_item(request: Request, id: str):

    lenient_issubclass,
)
from fastapi.datastructures import DefaultPlaceholder, DefaultType
from pydantic import BaseModel, create_model
from pydantic.fields import FieldInfo
from typing_extensions import Literal

if TYPE_CHECKING:  # pragma: nocover
    from .routing import APIRoute

# Cache for `create_cloned_field`
_CLONED_TYPES_CACHE: MutableMapping[
    Type[BaseModel], Type[BaseModel]
] = WeakKeyDictionary()

from typing import Union

from dirty_equals import IsDict
from fastapi import FastAPI
from fastapi._compat import PYDANTIC_V2
from fastapi.testclient import TestClient
from pydantic import BaseModel, ConfigDict


class FooBaseModel(BaseModel):
    if PYDANTIC_V2:
        model_config = ConfigDict(extra="forbid")
    else:

        class Config:
            extra = "forbid"


class Foo(FooBaseModel):
    pass

from typing import Union

from fastapi import Body, FastAPI
from pydantic import BaseModel
from typing_extensions import Annotated

app = FastAPI()


class Item(BaseModel):
    name: str
    description: Union[str, None] = None
    price: float
    tax: Union[float, None] = None


@app.put("/items/{item_id}")
async def update_item(
    *,
    item_id: int,
    item: Annotated[
        Item,
        Body(