func Errorf(format string, a ...interface{}) error {
	e := fmt.Errorf(format, a...)
	ee := Error{}
	ee.msg = e.Error()
	ee.cause = errors.Unwrap(e)
	return ee
}

// Unwrap the internal error.
func (e Error) Unwrap() error { return e.cause }

// Error 'error' compatible method.
func (e Error) Error() string {
	if e.msg == "" {
		return "crypto: cause <nil>"
	}
	return e.msg
}

var (

	if err == nil {
		t.Fatal("Expected error but found nil")
	}
	if err.Error() != "Bucket not found: bucket1" {
		t.Errorf("%s: Expected the error msg to be `%s`, but instead found `%s`", instanceType, "Bucket not found: bucket1", err.Error())
	}
}

// Wrapper for calling testBucketRecreateFails for both Erasure and FS.

	}
	for i, urs := range unparsableRangeSpecs {
		rs, err := parseRequestRangeSpec(urs)
		if err == nil {
			t.Errorf("Case %d: Did not get an expected error - got %v", i, rs)
		}
		if isErrInvalidRange(err) {
			t.Errorf("Case %d: Got invalid range error instead of a parse error", i)
		}
		if rs != nil {
			t.Errorf("Case %d: Got non-nil rs though err != nil: %v", i, rs)
		}
	}

	invalidRangeSpecs := []string{
		"bytes=5-3",

		return toAPIError(ctx, fmt.Errorf("error importing %s with: %w", fname, err))
	}
	return toAPIError(ctx, fmt.Errorf("error importing %s from %s with: %w", entity, fname, err))
}

// wraps import error for more context
func importErrorWithAPIErr(ctx context.Context, apiErr APIErrorCode, err error, fname, entity string) APIError {
	if entity == "" {
		return errorCodes.ToAPIErrWithErr(apiErr, fmt.Errorf("error importing %s with: %w", fname, err))

}

// Diff - returns error on first difference found in two configs.
func (s1 *ServerSystemConfig) Diff(s2 *ServerSystemConfig) error {
	ns1 := s1.NEndpoints
	ns2 := s2.NEndpoints
	if ns1 != ns2 {
		return fmt.Errorf("Expected number of endpoints %d, seen %d", ns1, ns2)
	}

	for i, cmdLine := range s1.CmdLines {
		if cmdLine != s2.CmdLines[i] {
			return fmt.Errorf("Expected command line argument %s, seen %s", cmdLine,

// The remaining payload and versions are returned.
func checkXL2V1(buf []byte) (payload []byte, major, minor uint16, err error) {
	if len(buf) <= 8 {
		return payload, 0, 0, fmt.Errorf("xlMeta: no data")
	}

	if !bytes.Equal(buf[:4], xlHeader[:]) {
		return payload, 0, 0, fmt.Errorf("xlMeta: unknown XLv2 header, expected %v, got %v", xlHeader[:4], buf[:4])
	}

	if bytes.Equal(buf[4:8], []byte("1   ")) {

	}
	if len(data) <= 4 {
		return fmt.Errorf("rebalanceMeta: no data")
	}

	// Read header
	switch binary.LittleEndian.Uint16(data[0:2]) {
	case rebalMetaFmt:
	default:
		return fmt.Errorf("rebalanceMeta: unknown format: %d", binary.LittleEndian.Uint16(data[0:2]))
	}
	switch binary.LittleEndian.Uint16(data[2:4]) {
	case rebalMetaVer:
	default:

		if err != nil {
			return fmt.Errorf("xlMetaInlineData: %w", err)
		}
		if len(key) == 0 {
			return fmt.Errorf("xlMetaInlineData: key %d is length 0", i)
		}
		_, buf, err = msgp.ReadBytesZC(buf)
		if err != nil {
			return fmt.Errorf("xlMetaInlineData: %w", err)
		}
	}

	return nil
}

// repair will copy all seemingly valid data entries from a corrupted set.

		if err != nil {
			iamLogIf(GlobalContext, fmt.Errorf("error parsing role ARN %s: %v", roleArn, err))
			return false
		}
		policies = newMappedPolicy(sys.rolesMap[arn]).toSlice()

	default:
		// Otherwise, inherit parent user's policy
		var err error
		policies, err = sys.PolicyDBGet(parentUser, args.Groups...)
		if err != nil {
			iamLogIf(GlobalContext, fmt.Errorf("error fetching policies on %s: %v", parentUser, err))

	result, err := setConfigKV(ctx, objectAPI, []byte(kv))
	if err != nil {
		internalLogIf(ctx, fmt.Errorf("error setting subnet license config: %w", err))
		return
	}

	if result.Dynamic {
		if err := applyDynamicConfigForSubSys(GlobalContext, objectAPI, result.Cfg, result.SubSys); err != nil {
			subnetLogIf(ctx, fmt.Errorf("error applying subnet dynamic config: %w", err))
			return
		}