The domains are securely verified and the certificates are generated automatically. This also allows automating the renewal of these certificates.

 * `api.publicobject.com` are valid if either A's or B's certificate is in the chain.
 *
 * ## Warning: Certificate Pinning is Dangerous!
 *
 * Pinning certificates limits your server team's abilities to update their TLS certificates. By
 * pinning certificates, you take on additional operational complexity and limit your ability to
 * migrate between certificate authorities. Do not use certificate pinning without the blessing of

     * certificate can sign other certificates (but those certificates cannot themselves sign
     * certificates). Set this to 1 so this certificate can sign intermediate certificates that can
     * themselves sign certificates. Add one for each additional layer of intermediates to permit.
     */
    fun certificateAuthority(maxIntermediateCas: Int) =
      apply {

on-300-000-iranians-using-fake-google-certificate.html). It also assumes your HTTPS servers’ certificates are signed by a certificate authority.

Use [CertificatePinner](https://square.github.io/okhttp/4.x/okhttp/okhttp3/-certificate-pinner/) to restrict which certificates and certificate authorities are trusted. Certificate pinning increases security, but limits your server team’s abilities to update their TLS certificates. **Do not use certificate pinning without the blessing of your server’s...

  //  5. Expiration/certificate lifetime: whether it is fixed by the signer, configurable by the admin.
  //  6. Whether or not requests for CA certificates are allowed.
  optional string signerName = 7;

  // expirationSeconds is the requested duration of validity of the issued
  // certificate. The certificate signer may issue a certificate with a different

```

### Installing certificates from third party CAs

    ```

    Get these strings with `HeldCertificate.certificatePem()` and `privateKeyPkcs8Pem()`.

 *  Fix: Handshake now returns peer certificates in canonical order: each certificate is signed by
    the certificate that follows and the last certificate is signed by a trusted root.

 *  Fix: Don't lose HTTP/2 flow control bytes when incoming data races with a stream close. If this

## Certificates

Ztunnel certificates are based on the standard Istio SPIFFE format: `spiffe://<trust domain>/ns/<ns>/sa/<sa>`.

However, the identities of the certificates will be of the actual user workloads, not Ztunnel's own identity.
This means Ztunnel will have multiple distinct certificates at a time, one for each unique identity (service account) running on its node.

    // Add a bad intermediate CA and have that issue a rogue certificate for localhost. Prepare
    // an SSL context for an attacking webserver. It includes both these rogue certificates plus the
    // trusted good certificate above. The attack is that by including the good certificate in the
    // chain, we may trick the certificate pinner into accepting the rouge certificate.
    val compromisedIntermediateCa =
      HeldCertificate.Builder()

	common := new(commonFlags)
	cmd := &cobra.Command{
		Use:   "certificate",
		Short: "Retrieves certificate for the specified Ztunnel pod.",
		Long:  `Retrieve information about certificates for the Ztunnel instance.`,
		Example: `  # Retrieve summary about workload configuration for a randomly chosen ztunnel.
  istioctl x ztunnel-config certificates

  # Retrieve full certificate dump of workloads for a given Ztunnel instance.