* 存储在内存的文件超出最大上限时，FastAPI 会把文件存入磁盘；
* 这种方式更适于处理图像、视频、二进制文件等大型文件，好处是不会占用所有内存；
* 可获取上传文件的元数据；
* 自带 <a href="https://docs.python.org/zh-cn/3/glossary.html#term-file-like-object" class="external-link" target="_blank">file-like</a> `async` 接口；
* 暴露的 Python <a href="https://docs.python.org/zh-cn/3/library/tempfile.html#tempfile.SpooledTemporaryFile" class="external-link" target="_blank">`SpooledTemporaryFile`</a> 对象，可直接传递给其他预期「file-like」对象的库。

    ca_file:   "./testdata/contrib/certs/root_ca_cert.pem"
    verify_and_map: true
}
authorization {
    ADMIN = {
        publish = ">"
        subscribe = ">"
    }
    users = [
        {user: "CN=localhost,OU=Client,O=MinIO,C=CA", permissions: $ADMIN}
    ]

   * are parsed. Android fails to parse these, which means we fall back to the CN. The RI does parse
   * them, so the CN is unused.
   */
  @Test fun verifyNonAsciiSubjectAlt() {
    // Expecting actual:
    //  ["bar.com", "花子.co.jp"]
    // to contain exactly (and in same order):
    //  ["bar.com", "������.co.jp"]
    platform.assumeNotBouncyCastle()

    // CN=foo.com, subjectAlt=bar.com, subjectAlt=花子.co.jp

    checkPublicSuffix("www.test.k12.ak.us", "test.k12.ak.us")
    // IDN labels.
    checkPublicSuffix("食狮.com.cn", "食狮.com.cn")
    checkPublicSuffix("食狮.公司.cn", "食狮.公司.cn")
    checkPublicSuffix("www.食狮.公司.cn", "食狮.公司.cn")
    checkPublicSuffix("shishi.公司.cn", "shishi.公司.cn")
    checkPublicSuffix("公司.cn", null)
    checkPublicSuffix("食狮.中国", "食狮.中国")
    checkPublicSuffix("www.食狮.中国", "食狮.中国")

    val response = call.execute()
    assertThat(response.handshake!!.peerPrincipal)
      .isEqualTo(X500Principal("CN=Local Host"))
    assertThat(response.handshake!!.localPrincipal)
      .isEqualTo(X500Principal("CN=Jethro Willis"))
    assertThat(response.body.string()).isEqualTo("abc")
  }

  @Test
  fun clientAuthForNeeds() {

**FastAPI** 要确保从正确的位置读取数据，而不是读取 JSON。

!!! note "技术细节"

    表单数据的「媒体类型」编码一般为 `application/x-www-form-urlencoded`。

    但包含文件的表单编码为 `multipart/form-data`。文件处理详见下节。

    编码和表单字段详见 <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/zh-CN/docs/Web/HTTP/Methods/POST" class="external-link" target="_blank"><abbr title="Mozilla Developer Network">MDN</abbr> Web 文档的 <code>POST</code></a>小节。

!!! warning "警告"

    0MC2Hb46TpSi125sC8KKfPog88Tk5c0NqMuRkrF8hey1FGlmDoLnzc7ILaZRfyHB
    NVOFBkpdn627G190
    -----END CERTIFICATE-----
    """.trimIndent().decodeCertificatePem()

  // CN=Entrust Root Certification Authority, OU="(c) 2006 Entrust, Inc.", OU=www.entrust.net/CPS is incorporated by reference, O="Entrust, Inc.", C=US
  val entrustRootCertificateAuthority =
    """
    -----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----

```sh
mc idp ldap policy attach myminio mypolicy --user='uid=james,cn=accounts,dc=myldapserver,dc=com'
```

```sh
mc idp ldap policy attach myminio mypolicy ----group='cn=projectx,ou=groups,ou=hwengg,dc=min,dc=io'
```

To remove a policy association, use the similar `detach` command:

```sh
mc idp ldap policy detach myminio mypolicy --user='uid=james,cn=accounts,dc=myldapserver,dc=com'
```

```sh

        Serial Number:
            35:ac:60:46:ad:8d:de:18:dc:0b:f6:98:14:ee:89:e8
        Signature Algorithm: ED25519
        Issuer: CN = consoleAdmin
        Validity
            Not Before: Jul 19 15:08:44 2021 GMT
            Not After : Aug 18 15:08:44 2021 GMT
        Subject: CN = consoleAdmin
        Subject Public Key Info:
            Public Key Algorithm: ED25519
                ED25519 Public-Key:
                pub:

  }

  @Test
  fun organizationalUnit() {
    val heldCertificate =
      HeldCertificate.Builder()
        .commonName("cash.app")
        .organizationalUnit("cash")
        .build()
    val certificate = heldCertificate.certificate
    assertThat(certificate.getSubjectX500Principal().name).isEqualTo(
      "CN=cash.app,OU=cash",
    )
  }