app = FastAPI()


class Item(BaseModel):
    name: str
    price: float
    is_offer: Union[bool, None] = None


@app.get("/")
def read_root():
    return {"Hello": "World"}


@app.get("/items/{item_id}")
def read_item(item_id: int, q: Union[str, None] = None):
    return {"item_id": item_id, "q": q}


@app.put("/items/{item_id}")
def update_item(item_id: int, item: Item):

        Object keyOne = new Object();
        int hashOne = map.hash(keyOne);
        Object valueOne = new Object();
        Object keyTwo = new Object();
        Object valueTwo = new Object();

        map.put(keyOne, valueOne);
        InternalEntry<Object, Object, ?> entry = segment.getEntry(keyOne, hashOne);

        @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")

        Object keyOne = new Object();
        int hashOne = map.hash(keyOne);
        Object valueOne = new Object();
        Object keyTwo = new Object();
        Object valueTwo = new Object();

        map.put(keyOne, valueOne);
        InternalEntry<Object, Object, ?> entry = segment.getEntry(keyOne, hashOne);

        @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")

        serialization_alias: Union[str, None] = None,
        title: Optional[str] = None,
        description: Optional[str] = None,
        gt: Optional[float] = None,
        ge: Optional[float] = None,
        lt: Optional[float] = None,
        le: Optional[float] = None,
        min_length: Optional[int] = None,
        max_length: Optional[int] = None,
        pattern: Optional[str] = None,
        regex: Annotated[

    minimum: Optional[float] = None
    exclusiveMinimum: Optional[float] = None
    maxLength: Optional[int] = Field(default=None, ge=0)
    minLength: Optional[int] = Field(default=None, ge=0)
    pattern: Optional[str] = None
    maxItems: Optional[int] = Field(default=None, ge=0)
    minItems: Optional[int] = Field(default=None, ge=0)
    uniqueItems: Optional[bool] = None
    maxContains: Optional[int] = Field(default=None, ge=0)

    dependant: Dependant,
    body: Optional[Union[Dict[str, Any], FormData]] = None,
    background_tasks: Optional[StarletteBackgroundTasks] = None,
    response: Optional[Response] = None,
    dependency_overrides_provider: Optional[Any] = None,
    dependency_cache: Optional[Dict[Tuple[Callable[..., Any], Tuple[str]], Any]] = None,
    async_exit_stack: AsyncExitStack,
) -> Tuple[
    Dict[str, Any],
    List[Any],

```

Le paramètre de requête `q` a pour type `Union[str, None]` (ou `str | None` en Python 3.10), signifiant qu'il est de type `str` mais pourrait aussi être égal à `None`, et bien sûr, la valeur par défaut est `None`, donc **FastAPI** saura qu'il n'est pas requis.

!!! note
    **FastAPI** saura que la valeur de `q` n'est pas requise grâce à la valeur par défaut `= None`.

            Union[str, None],
            Form(),
            Doc(
                """
                If there's a `client_id`, it can be sent as part of the form fields.
                But the OAuth2 specification recommends sending the `client_id` and
                `client_secret` (if any) using HTTP Basic auth.
                """
            ),
        ] = None,
        client_secret: Annotated[

            """
        ),
    ]


class HTTPBase(SecurityBase):
    def __init__(
        self,
        *,
        scheme: str,
        scheme_name: Optional[str] = None,
        description: Optional[str] = None,
        auto_error: bool = True,
    ):
        self.model = HTTPBaseModel(scheme=scheme, description=description)
        self.scheme_name = scheme_name or self.__class__.__name__

    ```Python
    q: str | None = None
    ```

=== "Python 3.8+"

    ```Python
    q: Union[str, None] = None
    ```

What we will do is wrap that with `Annotated`, so it becomes:

=== "Python 3.10+"

    ```Python
    q: Annotated[str | None] = None
    ```

=== "Python 3.8+"

    ```Python
    q: Annotated[Union[str, None]] = None
    ```