name: str


RecursiveSubitemInSubmodel.update_forward_refs()


@app.get("/items/recursive", response_model=RecursiveItem)
def get_recursive():
    return {"name": "item", "sub_items": [{"name": "subitem", "sub_items": []}]}


@app.get("/items/recursive-submodel", response_model=RecursiveItemViaSubmodel)
def get_recursive_submodel():
    return {
        "name": "item",
        "sub_items1": [

    name: str


RecursiveSubitemInSubmodel.model_rebuild()
RecursiveItemViaSubmodel.model_rebuild()


@app.get("/items/recursive", response_model=RecursiveItem)
def get_recursive():
    return {"name": "item", "sub_items": [{"name": "subitem", "sub_items": []}]}


@app.get("/items/recursive-submodel", response_model=RecursiveItemViaSubmodel)
def get_recursive_submodel():
    return {
        "name": "item",

from typing import Optional

from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI
from pydantic import BaseModel, validator

app = FastAPI()


class ModelB(BaseModel):
    username: str


class ModelC(ModelB):
    password: str


class ModelA(BaseModel):
    name: str
    description: Optional[str] = None
    model_b: ModelB

    @validator("name")
    def lower_username(cls, name: str, values):

def override_get_db():
    try:
        db = TestingSessionLocal()
        yield db
    finally:
        db.close()


app.dependency_overrides[get_db] = override_get_db

client = TestClient(app)


def test_create_user():
    response = client.post(
        "/users/",
        json={"email": "******@****.***", "password": "chimichangas4life"},
    )
    assert response.status_code == 200, response.text

def override_get_db():
    try:
        db = TestingSessionLocal()
        yield db
    finally:
        db.close()


app.dependency_overrides[get_db] = override_get_db

client = TestClient(app)


def test_create_user():
    response = client.post(
        "/users/",
        json={"email": "******@****.***", "password": "chimichangas4life"},
    )
    assert response.status_code == 200, response.text

Base.metadata.create_all(bind=engine)


def override_get_db():
    try:
        db = TestingSessionLocal()
        yield db
    finally:
        db.close()


app.dependency_overrides[get_db] = override_get_db

client = TestClient(app)


def test_create_user():
    response = client.post(
        "/users/",
        json={"email": "******@****.***", "password": "chimichangas4life"},
    )

        app = FastAPI()

        @app.get("/items/{id}")
        def read_items(id: list):
            pass  # pragma: no cover


def test_invalid_simple_tuple():
    with pytest.raises(AssertionError):
        app = FastAPI()

        @app.get("/items/{id}")
        def read_items(id: tuple):
            pass  # pragma: no cover


def test_invalid_simple_set():
    with pytest.raises(AssertionError):

# OpenAPI Webhooks

There are cases where you want to tell your API **users** that your app could call *their* app (sending a request) with some data, normally to **notify** of some type of **event**.

This means that instead of the normal process of your users sending requests to your API, it's **your API** (or your app) that could **send requests to their system** (to their API, their app).

This is normally called a **webhook**.

## Webhooks steps

def test_invalid_sequence():
    with pytest.raises(AssertionError):
        app = FastAPI()

        class Item(BaseModel):
            title: str

        @app.get("/items/")
        def read_items(q: List[Item] = Query(default=None)):
            pass  # pragma: no cover


def test_invalid_tuple():
    with pytest.raises(AssertionError):
        app = FastAPI()

        class Item(BaseModel):
            title: str

=== "Python 3.10+"

    ```Python
    {!> ../../../docs_src/app_testing/app_b_an_py310/main.py!}
    ```

=== "Python 3.9+"

    ```Python
    {!> ../../../docs_src/app_testing/app_b_an_py39/main.py!}
    ```

=== "Python 3.8+"

    ```Python
    {!> ../../../docs_src/app_testing/app_b_an/main.py!}
    ```

=== "Python 3.10+ nicht annotiert"

    !!! tip "Tipp"