val body =
      FormBody.Builder()
        .addEncoded("a+=& b", "c+=& d")
        .addEncoded("e+=& f", "g+=& h")
        .addEncoded("%25", "%25")
        .build()
    val expected = "a+%3D%26+b=c+%3D%26+d&e+%3D%26+f=g+%3D%26+h&%25=%25"
    val out = Buffer()
    body.writeTo(out)
    assertThat(out.readUtf8()).isEqualTo(expected)
  }

  @Test
  fun encodedPair() {
    val body =
      FormBody.Builder()

      24, 21, 22, 23, 23, 21, 21, 22, 21, 23, 22, 23, 23, 20, 22, 22, 22, 23, 22, 22, 23, 26,
      26, 20, 19, 22, 23, 22, 25, 26, 26, 26, 27, 27, 26, 24, 25, 19, 21, 26, 27, 27, 26, 27,
      24, 21, 21, 26, 26, 28, 27, 27, 27, 20, 24, 20, 21, 22, 21, 21, 23, 22, 22, 25, 25, 24,
      24, 26, 23, 26, 27, 26, 26, 27, 27, 27, 27, 27, 28, 27, 27, 27, 27, 27, 26,
    )

  private val root = Node()

  init {

## `HTTPSRedirectMiddleware`

强制所有传入请求必须是 `https` 或 `wss`。

任何传向 `http` 或 `ws` 的请求都会被重定向至安全方案。

```Python hl_lines="2  6"
{!../../../docs_src/advanced_middleware/tutorial001.py!}
```

## `TrustedHostMiddleware`

强制所有传入请求都必须正确设置 `Host` 请求头，以防 HTTP 主机头攻击。

```Python hl_lines="2  6-8"
{!../../../docs_src/advanced_middleware/tutorial002.py!}
```

支持以下参数：

Diese Methode gibt eine Funktion zurück. Und diese Funktion empfängt einen Request und gibt eine Response zurück.

Hier verwenden wir sie, um aus dem ursprünglichen Request einen `GzipRequest` zu erstellen.

```Python hl_lines="18-26"
{!../../../docs_src/custom_request_and_route/tutorial001.py!}
```

!!! note "Technische Details"

```Python hl_lines="2  6"
{!../../../docs_src/advanced_middleware/tutorial001.py!}
```

## `TrustedHostMiddleware`

Erzwingt, dass alle eingehenden Requests einen korrekt gesetzten `Host`-Header haben, um sich vor HTTP-Host-Header-Angriffen zu schützen.

```Python hl_lines="2  6-8"
{!../../../docs_src/advanced_middleware/tutorial002.py!}
```

          else -> c.code
        }
      i++
    }
    return result
  }

  private val Int.punycodeDigit: Int
    get() =
      when {
        this < 26 -> this + 'a'.code
        this < 36 -> (this - 26) + '0'.code
        else -> error("unexpected digit: $this")
      }

=== "Python 3.9+"

    ```Python hl_lines="26-30"
    {!> ../../../docs_src/security/tutorial007_an_py39.py!}
    ```

=== "Python 3.8+"

    ```Python hl_lines="26-30"
    {!> ../../../docs_src/security/tutorial007_an.py!}
    ```

=== "Python 3.8+ non-Annotated"

    !!! tip

This method returns a function. And that function is what will receive a request and return a response.

Here we use it to create a `GzipRequest` from the original request.

```Python hl_lines="18-26"
{!../../../docs_src/custom_request_and_route/tutorial001.py!}
```

!!! note "Technical Details"
    A `Request` has a `request.scope` attribute, that's just a Python `dict` containing the metadata related to the request.

👉 🕰, ⚫️ 🔜 📁 👩‍🔬 `APIRoute.get_route_handler()`.

👉 👩‍🔬 📨 🔢. & 👈 🔢 ⚫️❔ 🔜 📨 📨 & 📨 📨.

📥 👥 ⚙️ ⚫️ ✍ `GzipRequest` ⚪️➡️ ⏮️ 📨.

```Python hl_lines="18-26"
{!../../../docs_src/custom_request_and_route/tutorial001.py!}
```

!!! note "📡 ℹ"
     `Request` ✔️ `request.scope` 🔢, 👈 🐍 `dict` ⚗ 🗃 🔗 📨.

     `Request` ✔️ `request.receive`, 👈 🔢 "📨" 💪 📨.

## `StaticFiles` verwenden

* Importieren Sie `StaticFiles`.
* „Mounten“ Sie eine `StaticFiles()`-Instanz in einem bestimmten Pfad.

```Python hl_lines="2  6"
{!../../../docs_src/static_files/tutorial001.py!}
```

!!! note "Technische Details"
    Sie könnten auch `from starlette.staticfiles import StaticFiles` verwenden.