24, 21, 22, 23, 23, 21, 21, 22, 21, 23, 22, 23, 23, 20, 22, 22, 22, 23, 22, 22, 23, 26,
      26, 20, 19, 22, 23, 22, 25, 26, 26, 26, 27, 27, 26, 24, 25, 19, 21, 26, 27, 27, 26, 27,
      24, 21, 21, 26, 26, 28, 27, 27, 27, 20, 24, 20, 21, 22, 21, 21, 23, 22, 22, 25, 25, 24,
      24, 26, 23, 26, 27, 26, 26, 27, 27, 27, 27, 27, 28, 27, 27, 27, 27, 27, 26,
    )

  private val root = Node()

  init {

    val body =
      FormBody.Builder()
        .addEncoded("a+=& b", "c+=& d")
        .addEncoded("e+=& f", "g+=& h")
        .addEncoded("%25", "%25")
        .build()
    val expected = "a+%3D%26+b=c+%3D%26+d&e+%3D%26+f=g+%3D%26+h&%25=%25"
    val out = Buffer()
    body.writeTo(out)
    assertThat(out.readUtf8()).isEqualTo(expected)
  }

  @Test
  fun encodedPair() {
    val body =
      FormBody.Builder()

```Python hl_lines="2  6"
{!../../../docs_src/advanced_middleware/tutorial001.py!}
```

## `TrustedHostMiddleware`

Erzwingt, dass alle eingehenden Requests einen korrekt gesetzten `Host`-Header haben, um sich vor HTTP-Host-Header-Angriffen zu schützen.

```Python hl_lines="2  6-8"
{!../../../docs_src/advanced_middleware/tutorial002.py!}
```

## `HTTPSRedirectMiddleware`

强制所有传入请求必须是 `https` 或 `wss`。

任何传向 `http` 或 `ws` 的请求都会被重定向至安全方案。

```Python hl_lines="2  6"
{!../../../docs_src/advanced_middleware/tutorial001.py!}
```

## `TrustedHostMiddleware`

强制所有传入请求都必须正确设置 `Host` 请求头，以防 HTTP 主机头攻击。

```Python hl_lines="2  6-8"
{!../../../docs_src/advanced_middleware/tutorial002.py!}
```

支持以下参数：

          else -> c.code
        }
      i++
    }
    return result
  }

  private val Int.punycodeDigit: Int
    get() =
      when {
        this < 26 -> this + 'a'.code
        this < 36 -> (this - 26) + '0'.code
        else -> error("unexpected digit: $this")
      }

		Major:      "1",
		Minor:      "24",
		GitVersion: "v1.24",
	}
	version1_25 = &version.Info{
		Major:      "1",
		Minor:      "25",
		GitVersion: "v1.25",
	}
	version1_26 = &version.Info{
		Major:      "1",
		Minor:      "26",
		GitVersion: "v1.26",
	}
	version1_19RC = &version.Info{
		Major:      "1",
		Minor:      "19",
		GitVersion: "v1.19.5-rc.0",
	}
	version1_17GKE = &version.Info{

This method returns a function. And that function is what will receive a request and return a response.

Here we use it to create a `GzipRequest` from the original request.

```Python hl_lines="18-26"
{!../../../docs_src/custom_request_and_route/tutorial001.py!}
```

!!! note "Technical Details"
    A `Request` has a `request.scope` attribute, that's just a Python `dict` containing the metadata related to the request.

Diese Methode gibt eine Funktion zurück. Und diese Funktion empfängt einen Request und gibt eine Response zurück.

Hier verwenden wir sie, um aus dem ursprünglichen Request einen `GzipRequest` zu erstellen.

```Python hl_lines="18-26"
{!../../../docs_src/custom_request_and_route/tutorial001.py!}
```

!!! note "Technische Details"

接下来，创建使用 `GzipRequest` 的 `fastapi.routing.APIRoute  ` 的自定义子类。

此时，这个自定义子类会覆盖 `APIRoute.get_route_handler()`。

`APIRoute.get_route_handler()` 方法返回的是函数，并且返回的函数接收请求并返回响应。

本例用它根据原始请求创建 `GzipRequest`。

```Python hl_lines="18-26"
{!../../../docs_src/custom_request_and_route/tutorial001.py!}
```

!!! note "技术细节"

    `Request` 的 `request.scope` 属性是包含关联请求元数据的字典。

    `Request` 的 `request.receive` 方法是**接收**请求体的函数。

👉 🕰, ⚫️ 🔜 📁 👩‍🔬 `APIRoute.get_route_handler()`.

👉 👩‍🔬 📨 🔢. & 👈 🔢 ⚫️❔ 🔜 📨 📨 & 📨 📨.

📥 👥 ⚙️ ⚫️ ✍ `GzipRequest` ⚪️➡️ ⏮️ 📨.

```Python hl_lines="18-26"
{!../../../docs_src/custom_request_and_route/tutorial001.py!}
```

!!! note "📡 ℹ"
     `Request` ✔️ `request.scope` 🔢, 👈 🐍 `dict` ⚗ 🗃 🔗 📨.

     `Request` ✔️ `request.receive`, 👈 🔢 "📨" 💪 📨.