## `HTTPSRedirectMiddleware`

强制所有传入请求必须是 `https` 或 `wss`。

任何传向 `http` 或 `ws` 的请求都会被重定向至安全方案。

```Python hl_lines="2  6"
{!../../../docs_src/advanced_middleware/tutorial001.py!}
```

## `TrustedHostMiddleware`

强制所有传入请求都必须正确设置 `Host` 请求头，以防 HTTP 主机头攻击。

```Python hl_lines="2  6-8"
{!../../../docs_src/advanced_middleware/tutorial002.py!}
```

支持以下参数：

Diese Methode gibt eine Funktion zurück. Und diese Funktion empfängt einen Request und gibt eine Response zurück.

Hier verwenden wir sie, um aus dem ursprünglichen Request einen `GzipRequest` zu erstellen.

```Python hl_lines="18-26"
{!../../../docs_src/custom_request_and_route/tutorial001.py!}
```

!!! note "Technische Details"

```Python hl_lines="2  6"
{!../../../docs_src/advanced_middleware/tutorial001.py!}
```

## `TrustedHostMiddleware`

Erzwingt, dass alle eingehenden Requests einen korrekt gesetzten `Host`-Header haben, um sich vor HTTP-Host-Header-Angriffen zu schützen.

```Python hl_lines="2  6-8"
{!../../../docs_src/advanced_middleware/tutorial002.py!}
```

          else -> c.code
        }
      i++
    }
    return result
  }

  private val Int.punycodeDigit: Int
    get() =
      when {
        this < 26 -> this + 'a'.code
        this < 36 -> (this - 26) + '0'.code
        else -> error("unexpected digit: $this")
      }

This method returns a function. And that function is what will receive a request and return a response.

Here we use it to create a `GzipRequest` from the original request.

```Python hl_lines="18-26"
{!../../../docs_src/custom_request_and_route/tutorial001.py!}
```

!!! note "Technical Details"
    A `Request` has a `request.scope` attribute, that's just a Python `dict` containing the metadata related to the request.

👉 🕰, ⚫️ 🔜 📁 👩‍🔬 `APIRoute.get_route_handler()`.

👉 👩‍🔬 📨 🔢. & 👈 🔢 ⚫️❔ 🔜 📨 📨 & 📨 📨.

📥 👥 ⚙️ ⚫️ ✍ `GzipRequest` ⚪️➡️ ⏮️ 📨.

```Python hl_lines="18-26"
{!../../../docs_src/custom_request_and_route/tutorial001.py!}
```

!!! note "📡 ℹ"
     `Request` ✔️ `request.scope` 🔢, 👈 🐍 `dict` ⚗ 🗃 🔗 📨.

     `Request` ✔️ `request.receive`, 👈 🔢 "📨" 💪 📨.

## `StaticFiles` verwenden

* Importieren Sie `StaticFiles`.
* „Mounten“ Sie eine `StaticFiles()`-Instanz in einem bestimmten Pfad.

```Python hl_lines="2  6"
{!../../../docs_src/static_files/tutorial001.py!}
```

!!! note "Technische Details"
    Sie könnten auch `from starlette.staticfiles import StaticFiles` verwenden.

=== "Pydantic v2"

    ```Python hl_lines="26-33"
    {!> ../../../docs_src/path_operation_advanced_configuration/tutorial007.py!}
    ```

=== "Pydantic v1"

    ```Python hl_lines="26-33"
    {!> ../../../docs_src/path_operation_advanced_configuration/tutorial007_pv1.py!}
    ```

!!! info

接下来，创建使用 `GzipRequest` 的 `fastapi.routing.APIRoute  ` 的自定义子类。

此时，这个自定义子类会覆盖 `APIRoute.get_route_handler()`。

`APIRoute.get_route_handler()` 方法返回的是函数，并且返回的函数接收请求并返回响应。

本例用它根据原始请求创建 `GzipRequest`。

```Python hl_lines="18-26"
{!../../../docs_src/custom_request_and_route/tutorial001.py!}
```

!!! note "技术细节"

    `Request` 的 `request.scope` 属性是包含关联请求元数据的字典。

    `Request` 的 `request.receive` 方法是**接收**请求体的函数。

=== "Python 3.10+ Pydantic v1"

    ```Python hl_lines="13-23"
    {!> ../../../docs_src/schema_extra_example/tutorial001_py310_pv1.py!}
    ```

=== "Python 3.8+ Pydantic v2"

    ```Python hl_lines="15-26"
    {!> ../../../docs_src/schema_extra_example/tutorial001.py!}
    ```

=== "Python 3.8+ Pydantic v1"

    ```Python hl_lines="15-25"
    {!> ../../../docs_src/schema_extra_example/tutorial001_pv1.py!}
    ```