"tax": 3.2,
                                        },
                                    },
                                    "converted": {
                                        "summary": "An example with converted data",
                                        "description": "FastAPI can convert price `strings` to actual `numbers` automatically",

)
def test_query_params_str_validations_no_query(client: TestClient):
    response = client.get("/items/")
    assert response.status_code == 200
    assert response.json() == {  # pragma: no cover
        "items": [{"item_id": "Foo"}, {"item_id": "Bar"}],
    }


@pytest.mark.xfail(
    reason="Code example is not valid. See https://github.com/fastapi/fastapi/issues/12419"
)

) -> bool:
    try:
        return isinstance(cls, type) and issubclass(cls, class_or_tuple)  # type: ignore[arg-type]
    except TypeError:  # pragma: no cover
        if isinstance(cls, WithArgsTypes):
            return False
        raise  # pragma: no cover


def _annotation_is_sequence(annotation: Union[type[Any], None]) -> bool:
    if lenient_issubclass(annotation, (str, bytes)):
        return False

It was deprecated from Starlette, but if you have code that used it, you can easily **migrate** to <a href="https://github.com/ciscorn/starlette-graphene3" class="external-link" target="_blank">starlette-graphene3</a>, that covers the same use case and has an **almost identical interface**.

/// tip

    client = TestClient(mod.app)
    return client


def test_uvicorn_run_is_not_called_on_import():
    if sys.modules.get(MOD_NAME):
        del sys.modules[MOD_NAME]  # pragma: no cover
    with unittest.mock.patch("uvicorn.run") as uvicorn_run_mock:
        importlib.import_module(MOD_NAME)
    uvicorn_run_mock.assert_not_called()


def test_get_root(client: TestClient):

You can also use `dataclasses` in the `response_model` parameter:

{* ../../docs_src/dataclasses_/tutorial002_py310.py hl[1,6:12,18] *}

The dataclass will be automatically converted to a Pydantic dataclass.

This way, its schema will show up in the API docs user interface:

<img src="/img/tutorial/dataclasses/image01.png">

* 📝 Add dark mode auto switch to docs based on OS preference. PR [#4869](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/4869) by [@ComicShrimp](https://github.com/ComicShrimp).
* 🔥 Remove un-used old pending tests, already covered in other places. PR [#4891](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/4891) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo).

    "docs_src/settings/app03_py39/config_pv1.py",
    "docs_src/settings/app03_an_py39/config_pv1.py",
    "docs_src/settings/tutorial001_pv1_py39.py",
]

[tool.coverage.report]
show_missing = true
sort = "-Cover"

[tool.coverage.html]
show_contexts = true

[tool.ruff.lint]
select = [
    "E",  # pycodestyle errors
    "W",  # pycodestyle warnings
    "F",  # pyflakes
    "I",  # isort

try:
    import email_validator

    assert email_validator  # make autoflake ignore the unused import
    from pydantic import EmailStr
except ImportError:  # pragma: no cover

    class EmailStr(str):  # type: ignore
        @classmethod
        def __get_validators__(cls) -> Iterable[Callable[..., Any]]:
            yield cls.validate

        @classmethod

try:
    from pydantic_core.core_schema import (
        with_info_plain_validator_function as with_info_plain_validator_function,
    )
except ImportError:  # pragma: no cover
    from pydantic_core.core_schema import (
        general_plain_validator_function as with_info_plain_validator_function,  # noqa: F401
    )

RequiredParam = PydanticUndefined
Undefined = PydanticUndefined